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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910842281303321 |
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Autore |
Booß-Bavnbek Bernhelm |
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Titolo |
Multiplicity of Time Scales in Complex Systems : Challenges for Sciences and Communication I |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Cham : , : Springer International Publishing AG, , 2024 |
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©2024 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (477 pages) |
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Collana |
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Mathematics Online First Collections |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Hesselbjerg ChristensenJens |
RichardsonKatherine |
Vallès CodinaOriol |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Index Gratiarum - Thanks to Scientific and Editorial Advisers -- Contents of Volume I -- Contents of Volume II -- Part I: Geosphere: Climate, Cosmology, Matter -- Multiplicity of Time Scales in Climate and the Earth System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Decomposing the Earth System -- 2.1 The Fast Part of the Earth System -- 2.1.1 Fast Climate and Earth System Phenomena -- 2.2 The Complete Earth System -- 2.2.1 Long-Term Internal Phenomena in the Complete Earth System -- 3 Thoughts on Present-Day Vertical Global Mean Energy Flows -- 4 Climate Drivers, Radiative Forcing, Feedbacks, and Climate Sensitivity -- 4.1 Natural Drivers of Variations in the Earth System -- 4.2 Definitions of Radiative Forcing -- 4.3 Anthropogenic Radiative Forcing of Climate -- 4.4 Feedbacks in the Climate System -- 4.5 Climate Sensitivity -- 4.6 Sensitivity and Individual Feedbacks in Global Models -- 5 Modeling the Phenomena Including Anthropogenic Climate Change -- 5.1 Similarity Between Earth System, Climate Models, and Numerical Weather Prediction Models -- 5.2 Components in Climate Models -- 5.3 The Fundamental Physical Laws for the Atmospheric Model Component -- 5.4 Numerical Simulation of the Atmospheric Model Component -- 5.5 Historical Evolution of NWP and Climate Models -- 6 Chaos and Predictability -- 7 Validation of Climate Models -- 7.1 Atmospheric Temperature Near the Surface -- 7.2 |
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Precipitation -- 7.3 Paleoclimatic Validation -- 7.4 Biases in the Magnitude of Annual Variations -- 8 Conclusions -- 9 Acronyms -- References -- Climate Dynamics: The Dichotomy of Stochastic Concepts and Deterministic Modeling -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Two Examples -- 2.1 Bottles Drifting in the Baltic Sea -- 2.2 Intermittent Divergence in a Regional Atmospheric Model -- 3 Why Resorting to a Stochastic Description When the Dynamics Are Deterministic?. |
4 Dealing with Stochastic Behavior -- 4.1 Generating Ensembles -- 4.2 Stochastic Analysis -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Further Reading -- The Climate System with Human Actors - A Time Scale Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Bridging the Formation of IPCC to Decision-Making -- 3 The Role of Climate Models -- 3.1 Short-Term Climate Variability -- 3.2 Model Validation and Climate Model Emulators -- 3.3 Mitigation Options Under Scenarios and the Role of 2030 and 2050 Goals -- 4 Concluding Statements Regarding the Relevance of Time Scales -- References -- The Impact of Public Perception of Timescales in the Climate System on Mitigation Policies -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Climate Metrics -- 3 Discussion: Effect of Changing Metrics Under Fixed Targets -- 3.1 Public Awareness of Climate Change -- 4 Summary -- References -- Galaxy Formation from a Timescale Perspective -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Galaxy Formation and Evolution -- 2.1 The Luminosity Function -- 2.2 The Halo Mass Function -- 2.3 Gas Cooling in Dark Matter Halos -- 2.4 The Overcooling Problem -- 2.5 Photoionization -- 2.6 Galaxy Merging -- 2.7 Feedback -- 2.8 Cold Accretion -- 2.9 From Halo Mass to Stellar Mass -- 3 The First Galaxies -- 4 Conclusion -- References -- Multiple Time Scales in Amorphous Materials -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Viscoelasticity and Spectroscopic Methods -- 3 What Do We Learn? -- 3.1 Spectral Shapes -- 3.2 Temperature Dependence of the Relaxation Time -- 4 Concluding Remarks and Outlook -- References -- Part II: Biosphere: Evolution, Physiology, Ecology -- Multiplicity of Time Scales in the Biological Evolution -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Correlations Between Reactions in Biological Systems and the Biological Evolution -- 2.1 The Evolution of Gene Structures and the Appearance of the First Animals -- 2.2 Precursor for the Cell Polarity and the Bilateral Symmetry in Animals. |
2.3 Early Embryonic Pattern Formation in Drosophila -- 2.4 Models for Polarity at the Emergence of the Bilateral Evolution -- 3 Conclusions: Biological Evolution Under Multiple Time Scales -- References -- Bridging Time Scales in Evolutionary Biology -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Neutral Theory of Molecular Evolution -- 3 A Bridge Between Two Time Scales -- 4 Consequences of This Relation -- 4.1 Selection and the Nearly Neutral Theory -- 4.2 Molecular Clock -- 4.3 Adaptation -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- The Effect of Different Time Scales in Cell and Developmental Biology as Recorded by Microscopy -- References -- Timescales in the Biosphere and Geosphere and Their Interactions: Importance in Establishing Earth System State -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Timescales in Biosphere and Geosphere Processes and Their Interactions at the Global Level -- 3 Carbon Cycling in the Biosphere -- 4 Certain Conditions Impacting Bio- and Geosphere Interactions Can Prolong Carbon Residence in the Biosphere -- 5 Timescales and Tipping Points -- 6 How and When Geosphere-Biosphere Interactions Lead to a Change in the Earth System State -- 7 Anthropogenic Activities Are Disrupting Holocene Patterns of Carbon Cycling Over a Short Timescale -- 8 Timescales of the Geo- and Biospheres Matter When Addressing Anthropogenic Climate Change -- References -- Timescales and Perspectives Are Relative: Shifting Baselines and Sea Turtles -- 1 Natural and Unnatural Change Over Time: Shifting Baselines and the Shifting Baseline Syndrome -- 2 A Sea Turtle Nesting |
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Beach as a Case in Point for an Accelerated Shifting Baseline -- 3 Sea Turtle Declines: A Global Phenomenon -- 4 Back to the Future: Sea Turtles and Beyond -- References -- Part III: Anthroposphere (Societal Focus): Engineering, Energy System Transformation, Medicine. |
Multiscale Properties of Traffic Flow: The Macroscopic Impact of Traffic Waves -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Traffic Models -- 2.1 Fundamental Conservation Principle -- 2.2 Formulating Closed Macroscopic Traffic Models -- 2.3 Properties of Macroscopic Traffic Models -- 2.4 Microscopic Car-Following Models -- 2.5 Optimal Velocity Model -- 2.6 Transitioning Scales: Macroscopic Fields from Microscopic Trajectories -- 3 Equilibrium Traffic Theory and the Fundamental Diagram -- 3.1 The Fundamental Diagram of Traffic Flow -- 3.2 Large-Scale Traffic Patterns -- 4 Non-Equilibrium Traffic Theory -- 4.1 Dynamic Instability of Uniform Flow -- 4.2 Traveling Wave Solutions -- 5 Traffic Scenarios Governed by All Relevant Scales -- 5.1 A Concrete Traffic Jam Scenario -- 5.2 Instabilities and Traffic Waves Across Scales -- 5.3 Manifestations of Instabilities and Waves in the Fundamental Diagram -- 5.4 The Impact of Flow Smoothing via Vehicle Automation -- 6 Conclusion and Outlook -- References -- Integrating Multiple Timescales in the Economic Modelling of the Low-Carbon Transition -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Low-Carbon Challenge -- 3 Shortcomings of CGE Models and the IAMs Presented in Current IPCC Reports -- 4 What Do We Need to Model a Low-Carbon Transition Properly? -- 5 What Can the Advanced Modelling Approaches Tell Us? -- 6 So Can We Meet the Paris Targets? -- 7 Conclusions - Thinking About the Transition the Right Way -- References -- Multiplicity of Time Scales in Blood Cell Formation and Leukemia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Relevant Time Scales in Hematopoiesis and Leukemia -- 2.1 Cell Division -- 2.2 Cell Maturation -- 2.3 Cell Half-Life in Circulation -- 2.4 Feedback Mechanisms -- 2.5 Pre-clinical Phase of AML -- 2.6 Acute Phase of AML -- 2.7 AML Therapy Response and Relapse -- 3 Mechanistic Modeling -- 4 Models of Blood Cell Formation and Potential Applications. |
4.1 A Model of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Differentiation -- 4.2 Modeling Feedback Regulation -- 4.3 Model Properties and Implications -- 4.4 Applications of Models of Stem Cell Transplantation -- 4.5 Remark on Time Scales -- 5 Models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Potential Applications -- 5.1 Cytokine-Dependent Acute Myeloid Leukemia -- 5.1.1 Model Derivation -- 5.1.2 Model Properties and Implications -- 5.2 Cytokine-Independent Acute Myeloid Leukemia -- 5.2.1 Model Derivation -- 5.2.2 Model Properties and Implications -- 5.2.3 Comparing the Models of Cytokine-Dependent and Cytokine-Independent Leukemia -- 5.2.4 Potential Applications -- 5.2.5 Remark on Time Scales -- 5.3 Model of the Stem Cell Niche -- 5.3.1 Model Overview -- 5.3.2 Model Properties and Implications -- 5.3.3 Remark on Time Scales -- 5.4 Models of Clonal Evolution -- 5.4.1 Model Derivation -- 5.4.2 Model Properties and Implications -- 5.4.3 Remark on Time Scales -- 6 Toward Personalized Medicine -- 6.1 Example 1: The Impact of Leukemic Cell Properties on the Clinical Course of AML -- 6.2 Example 2: The Impact of the Stem Cell Niche on AML Prognosis -- 7 Discussion -- References -- A Unified Computational Model for the Human Response to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Methods -- 2.1 Data -- 2.2 Inflammation Model -- 2.3 HPA Axis Model -- 2.4 Cardiovascular Model -- 2.5 Temperature and Pain -- 2.6 Model Calibration -- 3 Results -- 3.1 Single LPS Administration-Base Simulation -- 3.2 Timing of LPS Administration -- 3.3 Repeated LPS Administration -- 3.4 Effect of Dose in Single LPS Injection -- 3.5 |
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Continuous LPS Administration -- 4 Discussion -- 5 Conclusion -- Appendix -- References -- Time Scales in Disease Transmission Dynamics -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Time Scales in Disease Transmission -- 2.1 The Infection Process. |
2.2 Demographic Turn-Over. |
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