Aviation Weather Handbook (2023) : Faa-H-8083-28

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910838375503321
• Autore: (FAA) Federal Aviation Administration
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Newcastle, Washington : , : Aviation Supplies & Academics, Incorporated, , 2023; ©2023
• ISBN: 1-64425-297-X
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (552 pages)
• Altri autori (Persone): TransportationU.S. Department of; (ASA)Aviation Supplies & Academics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Notice -- Table of Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Aviation Weather Service Program -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) -- 2.2.1 National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) -- 2.2.1.1 Satellite Analysis Branch (SAB) -- 2.2.2 National Weather Service (NWS) -- 2.2.2.1 National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) -- 2.2.2.1.1 NCEP Central Operations (NCO) -- 2.2.2.1.2 Aviation Weather Center (AWC) -- 2.2.2.1.3 Weather Prediction Center (WPC) -- 2.2.2.1.4 Storm Prediction Center (SPC) -- 2.2.2.1.5 National Hurricane Center (NHC) -- 2.2.2.1.6 Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) -- 2.2.2.1.7 Alaska Aviation Weather Unit (AAWU) -- 2.2.2.1.8 Center Weather Service Unit (CWSU) -- 2.2.2.1.9 Weather Forecast Office (WFO) -- 2.3 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) -- 2.3.1 Air Traffic Control Systems Command Center (ATCSCC) -- 2.3.2 Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) -- 2.3.3 Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) and Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) -- 2.3.4 Flight Service -- 2.3.4.1 FAA Weather Camera Program -- 2.4 Department of Defense (DOD) -- 2.5 Commercial Weather Information Providers -- 3 Overview of Aviation Weather Information -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Use of Aviation Weather Information -- 3.2.1 Product Latency -- 3.2.2 Additional Use Information -- 3.3 Obtaining Weather Information -- 3.3.1 Weather ; Briefings -- 3.3.1.1 Standard Briefing -- 3.3.1.2 Abbreviated Briefing -- 3.3.1.3 Outlook Briefing -- 3.3.2 Telephone -- 3.3.2.1 Flight Service 1-800-WX-BRIEF -- 3.3.2.2 Airport Weather -- 3.3.3 Self-Briefing -- 3.3.3.1 Flight Service 1800wxbrief.com -- 3.3.3.2 Aviation Weather Cameras -- 3.3.3.3 AviationWeather.gov -- 3.3.3.3.1 Graphical Forecasts for Aviation (GFA) Tool.; 3.3.3.4 Flight Information Service-Broadcast (FIS-B) -- 3.3.3.5 Commercial Services -- 3.3.3.6 Weather Applications (Apps) -- 3.3.4 In-Flight Updates -- 3.3.4.1 Flight Information Service-Broadcast (FIS-B) -- 3.3.4.2 Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) and Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS) -- 3.3.4.3 Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) -- 3.3.4.4 Flight Service -- 3.3.4.5 Automatic Flight Information Service (AFIS) - Alaska Only -- 3.4 Overview of Aviation Weather Products -- 3.4.1 Weather Products versus Weather Elements and Phenomena -- 3.4.2 Summaries of Specific Weather Information Contained in Various Weather Products -- 3.4.2.1 Products with Thunderstorm Information -- 3.4.2.2 Products with Wind Information -- 3.4.2.3 Products with Wind Shear Information -- 3.4.2.4 Products with Visibility Information -- 3.4.2.5 Products with Precipitation Information -- 3.4.2.6 Products with Fog Information -- 3.4.2.7 Products with In-Flight Icing Information -- 3.4.2.8 Products with Freezing Level Information -- 3.4.2.9 Products with Turbulence Information -- 3.4.2.10 Products with Volcanic Ash Information -- 3.4.2.11 Products with Tropical Cyclone Information -- 3.4.2.12 Products with Sandstorm/Dust Storm Information -- 3.4.2.13 Products with Mountain Obscuration Information -- 3.4.2.14 Products with Surface-Based IFR Information -- 3.4.2.15 Products with Surface-Based MVFR Information -- 3.4.2.16 Products with Cloud Coverage Information -- 3.4.2.17 Products with Cloud Base Information -- 3.4.2.18 Products with Cloud Tops Information -- 3.4.2.19 Products with Cloud Layers Information -- 3.4.2.20 Products with Pressure Information -- 3.4.2.21 Products with Fronts Information -- 3.4.2.22 Products with Temperature Information -- 3.4.2.23 Products with Space Weather Information -- 3.4.2.24 Products with Density Altitude Information.; 4 The Earth's Atmosphere -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Composition -- 4.2.1 Air Parcel -- 4.3 Vertical Structure -- 4.3.1 Troposphere -- 4.3.2 Stratosphere -- 4.3.3 Mesosphere -- 4.3.4 Thermosphere -- 4.3.5 Exosphere -- 4.4 The Standard Atmosphere -- 5 Heat and Temperature -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Matter -- 5.3 Energy -- 5.4 Heat -- 5.5 Temperature -- 5.5.1 Temperature Measurement -- 5.5.2 Temperature Scales -- 5.6 Heat Transfer -- 5.6.1 Radiation -- 5.6.1.1 Solar and Terrestrial Radiation -- 5.6.1.2 Solar Zenith Angle -- 5.6.2 Conduction -- 5.6.3 Convection -- 5.7 Thermal Response -- 5.8 Temperature Variations with Altitude -- 5.8.1 Atmospheric Sounding -- 5.8.2 Isothermal Layer -- 5.8.3 Temperature Inversion -- 6 Water Vapor -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Hydrologic Cycle -- 6.2.1 Evaporation -- 6.2.2 Transpiration -- 6.2.3 Sublimation -- 6.2.4 Deposition -- 6.2.5 Condensation -- 6.2.6 Transportation -- 6.2.7 Precipitation -- 6.2.8 Runoff -- 6.2.9 Infiltration -- 6.2.10 Groundwater Flow -- 6.2.11 Plant Uptake -- 6.3 Saturation -- 6.4 Relative Humidity -- 6.5 Dewpoint -- 6.6 Temperature-Dewpoint Spread (Dewpoint Depression) -- 6.7 Change of Phase -- 6.7.1 Latent Heat -- 7 Earth-Atmosphere Heat Imbalances -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Earth-Atmosphere Energy Balance -- 7.3 Heat Imbalances Between Earth's Surface and the Atmosphere -- 7.3.1 Sensible Heating -- 7.3.2 Latent Heat -- 7.4 Heat Imbalance Variations with Latitude -- 7.5 Seasons -- 7.6 Diurnal Temperature Variation -- 8 Atmospheric ; Pressure and Altimetry -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Atmospheric Pressure -- 8.2.1 Barometer -- 8.2.2 Atmospheric Pressure Units -- 8.2.3 Station Pressure -- 8.2.4 Pressure Variation -- 8.2.4.1 Pressure Changes with Altitude -- 8.2.4.2 Temperature's Effects on Pressure -- 8.2.5 Sea Level Pressure -- 8.3 Density -- 8.3.1 Volume's Effects on Density.; 8.3.2 Changes in Density -- 8.3.3 Density's Effects on Pressure -- 8.3.4 Temperature's Effects on Density -- 8.3.5 Water Vapor's Effects on Density -- 8.4 Altimetry -- 8.4.1 Altitude -- 8.4.1.1 True Altitude -- 8.4.1.2 Indicated Altitude -- 8.4.1.2.1 Altimeter Setting -- 8.4.1.3 Corrected (Approximately True) Altitude -- 8.4.1.4 Pressure Altitude -- 8.4.1.5 Density Altitude -- 9 Global Circulations and Jet Streams -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Non-Rotating Earth Circulation System -- 9.3 Rotating Earth Circulation System -- 9.4 Jet Streams -- 9.4.1 Direction of Wind Flow -- 9.4.2 Location -- 10 Wind -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Naming of the Wind -- 10.3 Forces That Affect the Wind -- 10.3.1 Pressure Gradient Force (PGF) -- 10.3.2 Coriolis Force -- 10.3.3 Friction Force -- 10.4 Upper Air Wind -- 10.5 Surface Wind -- 10.6 Local Winds -- 10.6.1 Sea Breeze -- 10.6.1.1 Sea Breeze Front -- 10.6.1.2 Effects of Coastline Shape -- 10.6.2 Land Breeze -- 10.6.3 Lake Breeze -- 10.6.4 Valley Breeze -- 10.6.5 Mountain-Plains Wind System -- 10.6.6 Mountain Breeze -- 10.7 Adverse Winds -- 10.7.1 Crosswind -- 10.7.2 Gust -- 10.7.3 Tailwind -- 10.7.4 Variable Wind/Sudden Wind Shift -- 10.7.5 Wind Shear -- 10.7.6 Adverse Mountain Winds -- 10.7.7 Atmospheric Disturbances in Mountainous Areas -- 11 Air Masses, Fronts, and the Wave Cyclone Model -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Air Masses -- 11.2.1 Air Mass Classification -- 11.2.1.1 Temperature Properties -- 11.2.1.2 Moisture Properties -- 11.2.1.3 Five Air Masses -- 11.2.2 Air Mass Modification -- 11.2.2.1 Lake Effect -- 11.3 Fronts -- 11.3.1 Warm Front -- 11.3.2 Cold Front -- 11.3.3 Stationary Front -- 11.3.4 Occluded Front -- 11.4 The Wave Cyclone Model -- 11.5 Dryline -- 12 Vertical Motion and Clouds -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Vertical Motion Effects on an Unsaturated Air Parcel.; 12.3 Vertical Motion Effects on a Saturated Air Parcel -- 12.4 Common Sources of Vertical Motion -- 12.4.1 Orographic Effects -- 12.4.2 Frictional Effects -- 12.4.3 Frontal Lift -- 12.4.4 Buoyancy -- 12.5 Cloud Forms -- 12.6 Cloud Levels -- 13 Atmospheric Stability -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Using a Parcel as a Tool to Evaluate Stability -- 13.3 Stability Types -- 13.3.1 Absolute Stability -- 13.3.2 Neutral Stability -- 13.3.3 Absolute Instability -- 13.3.4 Conditional Instability -- 13.3.5 Summary of Stability Types -- 13.4 Processes That Change Atmospheric Stability -- 13.4.1 Wind Effects on Stability -- 13.4.2 Vertical Air Motion Effects on Stability -- 13.4.3 Diurnal Temperature Variation Effects on Stability -- 13.5 Measurements of Stability -- 13.5.1 Lifted Index (LI) -- 13.5.2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) -- 13.6 Summary -- 14 Precipitation -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Necessary Ingredients for Formation -- 14.3 Growth Process -- 14.4 Precipitation Types -- 14.4.1 Snow -- 14.4.2 Ice Pellets -- 14.4.3 Freezing Rain -- 14.4.4 Rain -- 14.4.5 Hail -- 15 Weather Radar -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 Principles of Weather Radar -- 15.2.1 Antenna -- 15.2.2 Backscattered Energy -- 15.2.3 Power Output -- 15.2.4 Wavelengths -- 15.2.5 Attenuation -- 15.2.5.1 Precipitation Attenuation -- 15.2.5.2 Range Attenuation -- 15.2.6 Resolution -- 15.2.6.1 Beam Resolution -- 15.2.7 Wave Propagation -- 15.2.7.1 Normal (Standard) Refraction -- 15.2.7.2 Subrefraction -- 15.2.7.3 Superrefraction -- 15.2.7.4 Ducting -- 15.2.8 Radar Beam Overshooting and Undershooting -- 15.2.9 Beam Blockage -- 15.2.10 ; Ground Clutter -- 15.2.11 Ghost -- 15.2.12 Angels -- 15.2.13 Anomalous Propagation (AP) -- 15.2.14 Other Nonmeteorological Phenomena -- 15.2.14.1 Wind Farms -- 15.2.15 Precipitation -- 15.2.15.1 Intensity of Precipitation.; 15.2.15.1.1 Intensity of Liquid Precipitation.
• Sommario/riassunto: Aviation Supplies weather briefings; weather theory and aviation hazards; meteorology; mountain, tropical, arctic, and space weather; observations (ASOS, AWOS, METAR, PIREP, radar); weather charts; advisories (including AIRMET, SIGMET, wind shear); forecasts (TAF, FA); online weather resources and flight planning tools; and much more.The examples and explanations are supported with online references for further weather resources, definitions, and related FAA publications. Illustrated throughout with detailed, full-color drawings and photographs.weather decisions are critical to the successful outcome of all flights. Aviation Weather Handbook discusses each aspect of weather as it relates to aircraft operation and flight safety and provides information on the tools available for flight planning and inflight weather decisions, including observations, analyses, and forecasts.The information in this handbook applies to students, experienced pilots, and flight instructors alike and is a key reference for meteorology and weather services pertinent to FAA Knowledge Exams and airman certification. It is a comprehensive resource for what you need to know about weather to fly safely in both visual (VMC) and instrument (IMC) meteorological conditions. Subjects covered include the U.S. aviation weather service program; weather briefings; weather theory and aviation hazards; meteorology; mountain, tropical, arctic, and space weather; observations (ASOS, AWOS, METAR, PIREP, radar); weather charts; advisories (including AIRMET, SIGMET, wind shear); forecasts (TAF, FA); online weather resources and flight planning tools; and much more.The examples and explanations are supported with online references for further weather resources, definitions, and related FAA publications. Illustrated throughout with detailed, full-color drawings and photographs.; forecasts (TAF, FA); online weather resources and flight planning tools; and much more.The examples and explanations are supported with online references for further weather resources, definitions, and related FAA publications. Illustrated throughout with detailed, full-color drawings and photographs.wea