RISC-V Assembly Language Programming [[electronic resource] ] : Unlock the Power of the RISC-V Instruction Set / / by Stephen Smith

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910835062103321
• Autore: Smith Stephen
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berkeley, CA : , : Apress : , : Imprint : Apress, , 2024
• ISBN: 979-88-6880-137-2
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2024.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (369 pages)
• Collana: Maker Innovations Series, , 2948-2550
• Disciplina: 004
• Soggetti: Computer programming
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Table of Contents -- About the Author -- About the Technical Reviewer -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- Chapter 1: Getting Started -- History and Evolution of the RISC-V CPU -- What You Will Learn -- Ten Reasons to Learn Assembly Language Programming -- Running Programs on RISC-V Systems -- Coding a Simple "Hello World" Program -- Hello World on the Starfive Visionfive 2 -- Programming Hello World in the QEMU Emulator -- Install QEMU on Windows -- Install QEMU on Linux -- Compiling in Emulated Linux -- About Hello World on the ESP32-C3 Microcontroller -- Summary -- Exercises -- Chapter 2: Loading and Adding -- Computers and Numbers -- Negative Numbers -- About Two's Complement -- RISC-V Assembly Instructions -- CPU Registers -- RISC-V Instruction Format -- About the GCC Assembler -- Adding Registers -- 32-bits in a 64-bit World -- Moving Registers -- About Pseudoinstructions -- About Immediate Values -- Loading the Top -- Shifting the Bits -- Loading Larger Numbers into Registers -- More Shift Instructions -- About Subtraction -- Summary -- Exercises -- Chapter 3: Tooling Up -- GNU Make -- Rebuild a Project -- Rule for Building .S files -- Define Variables -- Build with CMake -- Debugging with GDB -- Preparation to Debug -- Setup for Linux -- Start GDB -- Set Up gdb for the ESP32-C3 -- Debugging with GDB -- Summary -- Exercises -- Chapter 4: Controlling Program Flow -- Creating Unconditional Jumps -- Understanding Conditional Branches -- Using Branch Pseudoinstructions -- Constructing Loops -- Create FOR Loops -- ; Code While Loops -- Coding If/Then/Else -- Manipulating Logical Operators -- Using AND -- Using XOR -- Using OR -- Adopting Design Patterns -- Converting Integers to ASCII -- Using Expressions in Immediate Constants -- Storing a Register to Memory -- Why Not Print in Decimal? -- Performance of Branch Instructions.; Using Comparison Instructions -- Summary -- Exercises -- Chapter 5: Thanks for the Memories -- Defining Memory Contents -- Aligning Data -- About Program Sections -- Big vs. Little Endian -- Pros of Little Endian -- About Memory Addresses -- Loading a Register with an Address -- PC Relative Addressing -- Loading Data from Memory -- Combining Loading Addresses and Memory -- Storing a Register -- Optimizing Through Relaxing -- Converting to Uppercase -- Summary -- Exercises -- Chapter 6: Functions and the Stack -- About Stacks -- Jump and Link -- Nesting Function Calls -- Function Parameters and Return Values -- Managing the Registers -- Summary of the Function Call Algorithm -- Uppercase Revisited -- Stack Frames -- Stack Frame Example -- Defining Symbols -- Macros -- Include Directive -- Macro Definition -- Labels -- Why Macros? -- Using Macros to Improve Code -- Summary -- Exercises -- Chapter 7: Linux Operating System Services -- So Many Services -- Calling Convention -- Finding Linux System Call Numbers -- Return Codes -- Structures -- About Wrappers -- Converting a File to Uppercase -- Building .S Files -- Opening a File -- Error Checking -- Looping -- Summary -- Exercises -- Chapter 8: Programming GPIO Pins -- GPIO Overview -- In Linux, Everything is a File -- Flashing LEDs -- Moving Closer to the Metal -- Virtual Memory -- In Devices, Everything is Memory -- Registers in Bits -- GPIO Enable Registers -- GPIO Output Set Registers -- More Flashing LEDs -- GPIOTurnOn in Detail -- Root Access -- Summary -- Exercises -- Chapter 9: Interacting with C and Python -- Calling C Routines -- Printing Debug Information -- Preserving State -- Calling Printf -- Passing a String -- Register Masking Revisited -- Calling Assembly Routines from C -- Packaging the Code -- Static Library -- Shared Library -- Embedding Assembly Language Code inside C Code.; Calling Assembly from Python -- Summary -- Exercises -- Chapter 10: Multiply and Divide -- Multiplication -- Examples -- Division -- Division by Zero and Overflow -- Example -- Example: Matrix Multiplication -- Vectors and Matrices -- Multiplying 3x3 Integer Matrices -- Accessing Matrix Elements -- Register Usage -- Summary -- Exercises -- Chapter 11: Floating-Point Operations -- About Floating Point Numbers -- About Normalization and NaNs -- Recognizing Rounding Errors -- Defining Floating Point Numbers -- About Floating Point Registers -- The Status and Control Register -- Defining the Function Call Protocol -- Loading and Saving FPU Registers -- Performing Basic Arithmetic -- Calculating Distance Between Points -- Performing Floating-Point Conversions -- Floating-Point Sign Injection -- Comparing Floating-Point Numbers -- Example -- Summary -- Exercises -- Chapter 12: Optimizing Code -- Optimizing the Uppercase Routine -- Simplifying the Range Comparison -- Restricting the Problem Domain -- Tips for Optimizing Code -- Avoiding Branch Instructions -- Moving Code Out of Loops -- Avoiding Expensive Instructions -- Use Macros -- Loop Unrolling -- Delay Preserving Registers in Functions -- Keeping Data Small -- Beware of Overheating -- Summary -- Exercises -- Chapter 13: Reading and Understanding Code -- Browsing Linux &amp -- GCC Code -- Comparing Strings -- About the Algorithm -- Macros and Kernel Options -- Code Created by GCC -- Reverse Engineering and Ghidra -- Summary -- Exercises -- Chapter 14: Hacking Code -- ; Buffer Overrun Hack -- Causes of Buffer Overrun -- Stealing Credit Card Numbers -- Stepping Through the Stack -- Mitigating Buffer Overrun Vulnerabilities -- Do Not Use strcpy -- PIE Is Good -- Poor Stack Canaries Are the First to Go -- Preventing Code Running on the Stack -- Tradeoffs of Buffer Overflow Mitigation Techniques -- Summary.; Exercises -- Appendix A: The RISC-V Instruction Set -- RV32I Base Integer Instruction Set -- RV64I Base Integer Instruction Set-in Addition to RV32I -- RV32M Standard Extension -- RV64M Standard Extension-in Addition to RV32M -- RV32F Standard Extension -- RV64F Standard Extension-in Addition to RV32F -- RV32D Standard Extension -- RV64D Standard Extension-in Addition to RV32D -- Appendix B: Binary Formats -- Integers -- Floating Point -- Addresses -- Appendix C: Assembler Directives -- Appendix D: ASCII Character Set -- Appendix E: Answers to Exercises -- Chapter 2 -- Chapter 3 -- Chapter 5 -- Chapter 6 -- Chapter 8 -- Chapter 10 -- Chapter 12 -- Index.
• Sommario/riassunto: Gain the skills required to dive into the fundamentals of the RISC-V instruction set architecture. This book explains the basics of code optimization, as well as how to interoperate with C and Python code, thus providing the starting points for your own projects as you develop a working knowledge of assembly language for various RISC-V processors. The RISC-V processor is the new open-source CPU that is quickly gaining popularity and this book serves as an introduction to assembly language programming for the processor in either 32- or 64-bit mode. You’ll see how to write assembly language programs for several single board computers, including the Starfive Visionfive 2 and the Espressif ESP32=C3 32-bit RISC-V microcontroller. The book also covers running RISC-V Linux with the QEMU emulator on and Intel/AMD based PC or laptop and all the tools required to do so. Moving on, you’ll examine the basics of the RISC-V hardware architecture, all the groups of RISC-V assembly language instructions and understand how data is stored in the computer’s memory. In addition, you’ll learn how to interface to hardware such as GPIO ports. With RISC-V Assembly Language Programming you’ll develop enough background to use the official RISC-V reference documentation for your own projects. What You'll Learn See how data is represented and stored in a RISC-V based computer Make operating system calls from assembly language and include other software libraries in projects Interface to various hardware devices Use the official RISC-V reference documentation.