A History of Probability and Statistics and Their Applications before 1750; Contents; 1 The Book and Its Relation to Other Works; 2 A Sketch of the Background in Mathematics and Natural Philosophy; 3 Early Concepts of Probability and Chance; 4 Cardano and Liber de Ludo Aleae, c. 1565; 5 The Foundation of Probability Theory by Pascal and Fermat in 1654; 6 Huygens and De Ratiociniis in Ludo Aleae, 1657; 7 John Graunt and the Observations Made upon the Bills of Mortality, 1662; 8 The Probabilistic Interpretation of Graunt's Life Table; 9 The Early History of Life Insurance Mathematics;10 Mathematical Models and Statistical Methods in Astronomy from Hipparchus to Kepler and Galileo11 The Newtonian Revolution in Mathematics and Science; 12 Miscellaneous Contributions between 1657 and 1708; 13 The Great Leap Forward, 1708–1718: A Survey; 14 New Solutions to Old Problems, 1708–1718; 15 James Bernoulli and Ars Conjectandi, 1713; 16 Bernoulli's Theorem; 17 Tests of Significance Based on the Sex Ratio |