From machair to mountains [[electronic resource] ] : archaeological survey and excavation in South Uist / / edited by Mike Parker Pearson

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910552997003321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Oxford ; ; Oakville, Conn., : Oxbow Books, c2012
• ISBN: 1-84217-887-3
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (441 p.)
• Collana: Sheffield environmental and archaeological research campaign in the Hebrides ; ; v. 4
• Altri autori (Persone): Parker PearsonMichael <1957->
• Disciplina: 936.1/14; 936.114
• Soggetti: Archaeological surveying - Scotland - South Uist; Excavations (Archaeology) - Scotland - South Uist; Archaeology and history - Scotland - South Uist; South Uist (Scotland) Antiquities
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Part I. Survey -- The machair survey / Mike Parker Pearson -- The blacklands survey : Cill Donnain and Gearraidh Bhailteas townships / Andrew Fleming -- The mountains survey : Loch Aoineart / John Moreland -- The chambered cairns of South Uist / Vicki Cummings, Cole Henley and Niall Sharples -- Duns, brochs and crannogs : Medieval use / John Raven -- The shielings survey : central South Uist / John Raven -- Upland settlement in southern South Uist / Rachel Grahame -- Part II. Excavation -- Loch a' Choire Neolithic settlement / Cole Henley -- Early Bronze Age Settlements at Machair Mheadhanach and Cill Donnain / Mike Hamilton and Niall Sharples -- The Beaker-period and Early Bronze Age settlement at Sligeanach, Cill Donnain / Niall Sharples -- Excavations of an Iron Age islet settlement in Upper Loch Bornish / Pete Marshall and Mike Parker Pearson -- Excavations on Aisgernis and Frobost machair / Mike Parker Pearson -- Excavations at Cille Donnain church / Mike Parker Pearson -- Excavations at Medieval Gearraidh Bhailteas (Garryvaltos), Milton / James Symonds -- Excavations at A Beinn na Mhic Aongheis (the Hill of the Son of Angus), Bornais / Mike Parker Pearson, Pete Marshall and Helen Smith -- Excavation of early modern, early historic and prehistoric sites in ; Kirkidale / John Moreland -- Part III. Historical and Geographical Studies -- Locheynort (Loch Aoineart) in the historical period / Gill MacLean -- The ethnohistory of Hebridean agriculture / Helen Smith -- Part IV. Conclusion -- Settlement, agriculture and society in South Uist before the Clearances / Mike Parker Pearson -- Appendix -- English-Gaelic glossary of place-names.
• Sommario/riassunto: South Uist in the Outer Hebrides has some of the best preserved archaeological remains within Britain and even further afield. Three distinct ecological zones - grassland machair plain, peaty blackland and mountains - each bear the imprint of human occupation over many millennia. The machair strip, long uninhabited, is filled with hundreds of settlement mounds, occupied from the Beaker period 4,000 years ago until a few centuries ago. The blacklands bear the traces of past farming practices as well as the remains of medieval settlements, more recent blackhouses and lochs containing duns, broch

Application of Ambient Pressure X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to Catalysis

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910830867603321
• Autore: Tao Franklin
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Newark : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2023; ©2024
• ISBN: 1-119-84548-3; 1-119-84545-9
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (286 pages)
• Disciplina: 543.62
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 From Surface of Model Catalyst in UHV to Surface of Nanoparticle Catalyst During Catalysis -- References -- Chapter 2 Application of XPS: from Surface in UHV to Surface in Gas or Liquid Phase -- 2.1 Origin of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy -- 2.2 ; Applications of XPS to Study Surface in High Vacuum -- 2.3 Applications of XPS to Study Sample in Gas Phase -- 2.4 Applications of XPS to Study Sample in Liquid Phase -- 2.4.1 XPS Studies of Surface of Nanoparticle Catalyst in Static Liquid -- 2.4.2 XPS Studies of Surface of Nanoparticle Catalyst in Flowing Liquid -- 2.4.3 XPS Study of Flowing Gas with a Pressure of 1 atm or Higher -- References -- Chapter 3 Fundamentals of X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy -- 3.1 Principle of XPS -- 3.2 Generation of X-ray -- 3.3 Excitation of Photoelectron and Chemical Shift -- 3.3.1 Initial State Effect -- 3.3.2 Final State Effect -- 3.3.2.1 Core Hole-Induced Polarization Final State Effect -- 3.3.2.2 Core Hole-Induced Rearrangement Final State Effect -- 3.4 Measurements of Energy of Photoelectrons -- 3.5 Measurements of Intensity of Photoelectrons -- References -- Chapter 4 Instrumentation of XPS -- 4.1 Regular X-ray Source -- 4.2 X-ray Source with a Monochromator -- 4.3 Energy Analyzer -- 4.4 Detector -- References -- Chapter 5 Significance and Challenge of Studying Surface of a Catalyst in Gaseous Phase -- 5.1 Origin of Difference between Surface in UHV and Surface in Reactant Gas -- 5.2 Intrinsic Feature of Catalytic Sites on Surface: Environmental Sensitivity -- 5.3 Ex Situ, Semi-in Situ, and In Situ/Operando Studies of Catalyst Surface at Ambient Pressure of Reactants -- 5.3.1 Difference among Ex Situ, Semi-In Situ, and In Situ/Operando Studies.; 5.3.2 Example of Surface Structures Only Formed and Maintained by Reactant at a Relatively High Pressure -- 5.3.3 Example of Catalyst Structure Only Observable during Catalysis -- 5.4 Ex Situ, Semi-in Situ, and In Situ/Operando Studies of Catalyst Structure at High Pressure -- 5.5 Technical Challenges in Studying Surface of a Catalyst in Gas Phase -- References -- Chapter 6 Instrumentation of Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer -- 6.1 X-ray Source for AP-XPS Studies -- 6.1.1 Brief of X-ray Sources -- 6.1.2 Soft X-ray for AP-XPS and Its Limitation in High Pressure Studies -- 6.1.3 Al K for AP-XPS and Its Challenge in Working at Higher Pressure -- 6.1.4 Hard X-ray for AP-XPS and its Application to High Pressure Studies -- 6.2 Reaction Cell with Capability of Flowing Gas -- 6.2.1 Necessity of Having a Reaction Cell for Performing In Situ/Operando Studies of Catalysis -- 6.2.2 Structure of Reaction Cell -- 6.2.3 Sealing of a Reaction Cell and its Engaging Mechanism -- 6.2.4 Function of a Reaction Cell for AP-XPS Studies of Catalyst -- 6.3 Differential Pumping Energy Analyzer with High Transmission -- 6.4 Mass Spectrometer with Capability of Measurement of Catalytic Performance -- References -- Chapter 7 Experimental Methods of AP-XPS Studies -- 7.1 Leak Test of Reaction Cell -- 7.2 Exclusion of Catalysis by Reaction Cell -- 7.3 Tunning and Control of Sample-Aperture Distance -- 7.4 Sample Heating and Temperature Control -- 7.5 Online Measurement of Reactants and Products -- 7.6 Spectroscopic Titration of Surface Species -- References -- Chapter 8 Difference in Data Analysis Between AP-XPS and High Vacuum XPS -- 8.1 Potential Difference in Measuring Atomic Ratio of Two Elements on Catalyst Surface -- 8.2 Difference in Intensity of Photoelectrons Collected by Energy Analyzer -- 8.3 Difference in Resolution and Baseline of Spectrum.; 8.4 Difference in Spectrum between Free Molecules in Gas and Adsorbed Molecules on Surface -- 8.5 Calibration of Nominal Atomic Ratio A/Z of a Catalyst Surface in a Pure Gas -- 8.6 Calibration of Nominal Atomic Ratio A/Z of a Catalyst Surface in a Mixture of Reactants -- 8.7 Calibration of Nominal Atomic Ratio A/Z of a Catalyst Surface in a Pure Gas Obtained at Different Temperature for Fair Comparison -- References -- Chapter 9 Significance of Using AP-XPS in Studies of Catalysis -- 9.1 Fundamental of Catalyst Surface ; -- 9.2 Significance of Characterization of Surface of a Catalyst in Gas Phase -- 9.3 Significance of Using AP-XPS in Fundamental Studies of Catalysis -- References -- Chapter 10 CO Oxidation on Single Crystal Model Catalysts -- 10.1 Pt(557) and Pt(332) in CO -- 10.2 CO Oxidation on Pd(100), Pd(111), and Pd(110) -- 10.2.1 CO Oxidation on Pd(100) -- 10.2.2 CO Oxidation on Pd(111) -- 10.2.3 CO Oxidation on Pd(110) -- 10.3 CO Oxidation on Pt(110) and Pt(111) -- 10.3.1 CO Oxidation on Pt(110) -- 10.3.2 CO Oxidation on Pt(111) -- 10.4 CO Oxidation on Rh(110) -- 10.5 CO Oxidation on Cu(111) -- References -- Chapter 11 CO Oxidation on High Surface Area Catalysts -- 11.1 CO Oxidation on Rh Nanoparticles -- 11.2 CO Oxidation on Ru Nanoparticles -- References -- Chapter 12 Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide -- References -- Chapter 13 Water-Gas Shift -- 13.1 Co3O4 and Pt/Co3O4 -- 13.1.1 Gas Composition-dependent Reducibility -- 13.1.2 Active Phase of Co3O4 during Water-Gas Shift -- 13.1.3 Active Phase of 0.5 wt% Pt/Co3O4 at 150-200 °C -- 13.1.4 Active Phase of 0.5 wt% Pt/Co3O4 at 280-350 °C -- 13.1.5 Temperature-dependent Evolution of Active Phase -- 13.2 Pt,Au, Pd, and Cu Supported on CeO2 Nanorods -- 13.3 CuO−Cr2O3−Fe2O3 -- References -- Chapter 14 Complete Oxidation of Methane -- 14.1 Complete Oxidation of Methane on NiCo2O4.; 14.2 Complete Oxidation of Methane on NiFe2O4 -- 14.3 Complete Oxidation of Methane on NiO with Different Surface Structures -- References -- Chapter 15 Partial Oxidation of Methanol -- 15.1 Partial Oxidation of Methanol on Pd1Zn3/ZnO -- 15.2 Partial Oxidation of Methanol on Ir1Zn3/ZnO -- References -- Chapter 16 Partial Oxidation of Methane -- 16.1 Partial Oxidation of Methane on Pd/CeO2 -- 16.2 Partial Oxidation of Methane on Pt/CeO2 -- 16.3 Partial Oxidation of Methane on Rh/CeO2 -- References -- Chapter 17 Oxidative Coupling of Methane -- 17.1 OCM on Supported Na2WO4 and Hypothesized Active Phase Na2O2 -- 17.2 First Observation of Na2O2 through AP-XPS Studies at 800 °C -- 17.3 Formation of a Thin Layer of Na2O2 Supported on Na2WO4 -- References -- Chapter 18 Dry and Steam Reforming of Methane -- 18.1 Dry Reforming of CH4 on CeO2 Anchored with Ni1 and Ru1 Sites -- 18.2 Steam Reforming of CH4 on CeO2 Anchored with Ni1 and Ru1 Single-atom Sites -- References -- Chapter 19 Reduction of NO with CO -- 19.1 Reduction of NO with CO on Co3O4 -- 19.2 Reduction of NO with CO on Rh1Co3 Clusters Supported on CoO -- References -- Chapter 20 Tuning Catalyst Surfaces for Developing Catalysts -- 20.1 Capability of Compositional Restructuring Checkable with AP-XPS -- 20.2 Tracking Restructuring of Bimetallic Surface under Reaction and Catalytic Conditions for Tuning Catalytic Performance of a Bimetallic Catalyst -- References -- Chapter 21 Photocatalysis -- References -- Index -- EULA.