Developing country debt and economic performance . Volume 1 The international financial system / / editor, Jeffrey D. Sachs

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910784802603321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Chicago : , : University of Chicago Press, , 1989
• ISBN: 1-281-22399-9; 9786611223991; 0-226-73318-1
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (ix, 400 pages) : illustrations
• Collana: A National Bureau of Economic Research project report
• Altri autori (Persone): CollinsSusan Margaret; SachsJeffrey
• Disciplina: 336.3/435/091724; 336.3435091724
• Soggetti: Debts, External - Developing countries; International finance; Developing countries Economic conditions Congresses
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Papers presented at a conference held in Washington, D.C. on Sept. 21-23, 1987.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographies and indexes.
• Nota di contenuto: Front matter -- National Bureau of Economic Research -- Relation of the Directors to the Work and Publications of the National Bureau of Economic Research -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- 2. How Sovereign Debt Has Worked -- 3. The U.S. Capital Market and Foreign Lending, 1920 - 1955 -- 4. Structural Adjustment Policies in Highly Indebted Countries -- 5. The Politics of Stabilization and Structural Adjustment -- 6. Conditionality, Debt Relief, and the Developing Country Debt Crisis -- 7. Private Capital Flows to Problem Debtors -- 8. Debt Problems and the World Macroeconomy -- 9. Resolving the International Debt Crisis -- List of Contributors -- Name Index -- Subject Index
• Sommario/riassunto: For dozens of developing countries, the financial upheavals of the 1980's have set back economic development by a decade or more. Poverty in those countries has intensified as they struggle under the burden of an enormous external debt. In 1988, more than six years after the onset of the crisis, almost all the debtor countries were still ; unable to borrow in the international capital markets on normal terms. Moreover, the world financial system has been disrupted by the prospect of widespread defaults on those debts. Because of the urgency of the present crisis, and because similar crises have recurred intermittently for at least 175 years, it is important to understand the fundamental features of the international macroeconomy and global financial markets that have contributed to this repeated instability. This project on developing country debt, undertaken by the National Bureau of Economic Research, provides a detailed analysis of the ongoing developing country debt crisis. The project focuses on the middle-income developing countries, particularly those in Latin America and East Asia, although many lessons of the study should apply as well to other, poorer debtor countries. The project analyzes the crisis from two perspectives, that of the international financial system as a whole (volume 1) and that of individual debtor countries (volumes 2 and 3).

Handbook of asynchronous machine with variable speed [[electronic resource] /] / Hubert Razik

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910830811303321
• Autore: Razik Hubert
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: London, : ISTE; Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley, 2011
• ISBN: 1-118-60103-3; 1-299-14633-3; 1-118-60086-X; 1-118-60093-2
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (429 p.)
• Collana: ISTE
• Disciplina: 621.3136; 621.4
• Soggetti: Electric machinery, Induction - Automatic control; Electric motors, Synchronous - Automatic control; Electric driving, Variable speed
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Handbook of Asynchronous Machine with Variable Speed; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Foreword; Introduction; Chapter 1. Sensors and Electrical Measurements; 1.1. Optical encoder; 1.1.1. Technical aspect; 1.1.2. Absolute encoder; 1.1.3. Incremental encoder; 1.2. The velocity measurement; 1.2.1. Method of the frequency counter; 1.2.2. Method of the period measurement; 1.3. The resolver; 1.4. The isolated measurement; 1.4.1. The isolated ammeter; 1.4.2. The isolated voltmeter; 1.5. The numerical aspect; 1.6. The analog to digital converter; 1.6.1. Principle of the flash converter1.6.2. Principle of the successive approximation converter; 1.6.3. The zero-order hold; 1.6.4. The multiplexer; 1.6.5. Principle of converter using slope(s); 1.7. The digital-to-analog converter; 1.8. The digital output; 1.9. The arithmetic logic unit; 1.10. Real time or abuse language; 1.11. Programming; Chapter 2. Analog, Numerical Control; 2.1. Structure of a regulator; 2.2. Stability of a system; 2.2.1. Introduction; 2.2.2. A formal criterion; 2.2.3. A graphical criterion; 2.2.4. The stability criterion; 2.3. Precision of systems; 2.3.1. The initial and final value2.3.2. The precision of systems; 2.4. Correction of systems; 2.4.1. The lag and lead corrector; 2.4.2. Other correctors; 2.5. Nonlinear control; 2.5.1. First harmonic method; 2.5.2. The oscillation stability; 2.6. Practical method of identification and control; 2.6.1. Broïda's method; 2.6.2. Ziegler's and Nichols's method; 2.7. The digital correctors; 2.7.1. Digital controller; 2.7.2. The Z-transform; 2.7.3. The Z-transform of a function; 2.7.4. Advanced Z-transform; 2.7.5. The Z-transform of a loop; 2.7.6. Some theorems; 2.7.6.1. The initial and final value; 2.7.6.2. The recurrence relation2.7.6.3. The fraction expansion; 2.7.7. The Jury stability criterion; 2.7.8. Stability: graphical criterion; 2.7.8.1. The bilinear transform; 2.7.8.2. The formal criterion; 2.7.8.3. The graphical criterion; 2.8. Classical controllers; 2.8.1. The PID structure; 2.8.2. The PI anti-windup structure; 2.8.3. Conversion of an analog controller to a digital controller; 2.8.3.1. Approximation of the integrator; 2.8.3.2. Use of the bilinear transform; 2.9. Disadvantages of digital controller; 2.9.1. Choice of the sampling period; 2.9.2. Noise; 2.9.2.1. Reminder of some concepts2.9.2.2. Quantization by truncation; 2.9.2.3. Quantization by rounding; 2.9.2.4. Quantization of a product using two's complement; 2.9.2.5. Quantization of a product by truncation; 2.9.2.6. The signal-to-quantization noise ratio; 2.9.3. Cycles limits and limitations; Chapter 3. Models of Asynchronous Machines; 3.1. The induction motor; 3.1.1. The electromagnetic torque; 3.1.2. The equivalent scheme; 3.2. The squirrel cage induction motor; 3.2.1. The stator inductances; 3.2.2. The stator mutual inductances; 3.2.3. The rotor inductances; 3.2.4. The rotor mutual inductances
• Sommario/riassunto: This handbook deals with the asynchronous machine in its close environment. It was born from a reflection on this electromagnetic converter whose integration in industrial environments takes a wide part. Previously this type of motor operated at fixed speed, from now on it has been integrated more and more in processes at variable speed. For this reason it seemed useful, or necessary, to write a handbook on the various aspects from the motor in itself, via the control and while finishing by the diagnosis aspect. Indeed, an asynchronous motor is used nowadays in industry where variation speed a