Bayesian approach to inverse problems [[electronic resource] /] / edited by Jerome Idier

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910830737403321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: London, : ISTE; Hoboken, NJ, : John Wiley, c2008
• ISBN: 1-282-16506-2; 9786612165061; 0-470-61119-7; 0-470-39382-3
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (383 p.)
• Collana: Digital signal and image processing series. ; ; v.35
• Altri autori (Persone): IdierJérôme
• Disciplina: 515/.357; 519.542
• Soggetti: Inverse problems (Differential equations); Bayesian statistical decision theory
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Bayesian Approach to Inverse Problems; Table of Contents; Introduction; Part I. Fundamental Problems and Tools; Chapter 1. Inverse Problems, Ill-posed Problems; 1.1. Introduction; 1.2. Basic example; 1.3. Ill-posed problem; 1.3.1. Case of discrete data; 1.3.2. Continuous case; 1.4. Generalized inversion; 1.4.1. Pseudo-solutions; 1.4.2. Generalized solutions; 1.4.3. Example; 1.5. Discretization and conditioning; 1.6. Conclusion; 1.7. Bibliography; Chapter 2. Main Approaches to the Regularization of Ill-posed Problems; 2.1. Regularization; 2.1.1. Dimensionality control; 2.1.1.1. Truncated singular value decomposition2.1.1.2. Change of discretization; 2.1.1.3. Iterative methods; 2.1.2. Minimization of a composite criterion; 2.1.2.1. Euclidian distances; 2.1.2.2. Roughness measures; 2.1.2.3. Non-quadratic penalization; 2.1.2.4. Kullback pseudo-distance; 2.2. Criterion descent methods; 2.2.1. Criterion minimization for inversion; 2.2.2. The quadratic case; 2.2.2.1. Non-iterative techniques; 2.2.2.2. Iterative techniques; 2.2.3. The convex case; 2.2.4. General case; 2.3. Choice of regularization coefficient; ; 2.3.1. Residual error energy control; 2.3.2. "L-curve" method2.3.3. Cross-validation; 2.4. Bibliography; Chapter 3. Inversion within the Probabilistic Framework; 3.1. Inversion and inference; 3.2. Statistical inference; 3.2.1. Noise law and direct distribution for data; 3.2.2. Maximum likelihood estimation; 3.3. Bayesian approach to inversion; 3.4. Links with deterministic methods; 3.5. Choice of hyperparameters; 3.6. A priori model; 3.7. Choice of criteria; 3.8. The linear, Gaussian case; 3.8.1. Statistical properties of the solution; 3.8.2. Calculation of marginal likelihood; 3.8.3. Wiener filtering; 3.9. Bibliography; Part II. DeconvolutionChapter 4. Inverse Filtering and Other Linear Methods; 4.1. Introduction; 4.2. Continuous-time deconvolution; 4.2.1. Inverse filtering; 4.2.2. Wiener filtering; 4.3. Discretization of the problem; 4.3.1. Choice of a quadrature method; 4.3.2. Structure of observation matrix H; 4.3.3. Usual boundary conditions; 4.3.4. Problem conditioning; 4.3.4.1. Case of the circulant matrix; 4.3.4.2. Case of the Toeplitz matrix; 4.3.4.3. Opposition between resolution and conditioning; 4.3.5. Generalized inversion; 4.4. Batch deconvolution; 4.4.1. Preliminary choices; 4.4.2. Matrix form of the estimate4.4.3. Hunt's method (periodic boundary hypothesis); 4.4.4. Exact inversion methods in the stationary case; 4.4.5. Case of non-stationary signals; 4.4.6. Results and discussion on examples; 4.4.6.1. Compromise between bias and variance in 1D deconvolution; 4.4.6.2. Results for 2D processing; 4.5. Recursive deconvolution; 4.5.1. Kalman filtering; 4.5.2. Degenerate state model and recursive least squares; 4.5.3. Autoregressive state model; 4.5.3.1. Initialization; 4.5.3.2. Criterion minimized by Kalman smoother; 4.5.3.3. Example of result; 4.5.4. Fast Kalman filtering
• Sommario/riassunto: Many scientific, medical or engineering problems raise the issue of recovering some physical quantities from indirect measurements; for instance, detecting or quantifying flaws or cracks within a material from acoustic or electromagnetic measurements at its surface is an essential problem of non-destructive evaluation. The concept of inverse problems precisely originates from the idea of inverting the laws of physics to recover a quantity of interest from measurable data.Unfortunately, most inverse problems are ill-posed, which means that precise and stable solutions are not easy to devise

Chinese Merger Control Law : An Assessment of its Competition-Policy Orientation after the First Years of Application / / by Tingting Weinreich-Zhao

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910484381503321
• Autore: Weinreich-Zhao Tingting
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Berlin, Heidelberg : , : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2015
• ISBN: 3-662-43868-2
• Edizione: [1st ed. 2015.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (408 p.)
• Collana: Munich Studies on Innovation and Competition, , 2199-7462 ; ; 2
• Disciplina: 340; 340.2; 340.9; 343.07
• Soggetti: Conflict of laws; Globalization; Markets; International law; Trade; Private International Law, International & Foreign Law, Comparative Law; Emerging Markets/Globalization; International Economic Law, Trade Law
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: 1. Introduction -- 2. Economic Background of Competition Policy in China -- 3. Historical Development of Chinese Merger Control Regime -- 4. Institutional Framework for Enforcement of the AML -- 5. Objectives and Policy Standards of Merger Control as Embodied in the AML -- 6. Overview of Published Decisions -- 7. Scope of Application of Merger Control Law -- 8. Merger Review Procedure -- 9. Substantive Merger Control Test -- 10. Outlook on Judicial Enforcement of Merger Control Law -- 11. Conclusion.
• Sommario/riassunto: On 1 August 2008, the Chinese Anti-Monopoly Law entered into force, introducing a comprehensive framework for competition law to the ; Chinese market. One set of the new rules pertains to merger control. China’s Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) was nominated as the authority responsible for enforcing merger control in China, and has been actively doing so ever since. Recent years have established China as one of the most important merger filing jurisdictions for cross-border mergers alongside the EU and USA. This work evaluates the Chinese merger control law regime and MOFCOM’s decision-making practice after more than five years of application. In particular, it assesses which policy goals (competition policy goals or industrial policy considerations) prevail in the written law and its application, and provides suggestions for a further improvement of the law – with the aim to develop a transparent merger control regime that promotes long-term economic growth in China.