2.12 Reverse Osmosis (RO) and Forward Osmosis (FO) -- 2.13 Membrane Distillation (MD) -- 2.14 Membrane Pervaporation (PV) -- 2.15 Conclusion -- 3 Application of MOFs in the Removal of Pharmaceutical Waste from Aquatic Environments -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Potential of MOFs and Their Analogs to Resist Water Stability -- 3.3 Methods for the Development and Design of Aqueous-Stable Composites of Metal-Organic Frameworks -- 3.4 Synthesis and Design of Water-Stable MOF-Derived Materials -- 3.5 MOFs and Their Hybrids as Versatile Adsorbents for Capturing Pharmaceutical Drugs -- 3.6 MILs and Their Derived Compounds -- 3.7 Pristine MILs -- 3.8 MILs Composites -- 3.9 MILs-Derived Materials -- 3.10 ZIFs and Their Derived Compounds -- 3.11 Pristine ZIFs -- 3.12 ZIFs Composites -- 3.13 Materials Derived from ZIFs -- 3.14 UiOs Composite Materials -- 3.15 UiOs-Derived Materials -- 3.16 Pharmaceutical Drug Resistance -- 3.17 Conclusion -- 4 Efficiency of MOFs in Water Treatment Against the Emerging Water Contaminants Such as Endocrine Disruptors, Pharmaceuticals, Microplastics, Pesticides, and Other Contaminants -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Chemical Contaminants: Those Mysterious Ingredients in Ground and Surface Water -- 4.2.1 Endocrine Disruptors (EDs) -- 4.2.2 Microplastics (MPs) -- 4.2.3 Contaminants from the Agriculture Sector -- 4.2.4 Pharmaceutical Effluents -- 4.3 MOFs -- 4.3.1 MOF Stability in the Aqueous Phase -- 4.3.2 Improving the Water Stability of MOFs: General Enhancement Strategies -- 4.4 Possibilities for Wastewater Treatment Applications Using MOFs -- 4.4.1 MOF-Supported Adsorption & -- Photocatalysis -- 4.4.2 π-π Interactions -- 4.4.3 Electrostatic Interactions -- 4.4.4 Hydrophobic Interactions -- 4.4.5 H-Bonding -- 4.5 Use of MOFs for Water Remediation: Issues & -- Perspectives -- 4.6 Future -- 4.7 Conclusions. |