Universal Health Care 101 : : Lessons for the Eastern Caribbean and Beyond / / Evridiki Tsounta

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910788339203321
• Autore: Tsounta Evridiki
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2009
• ISBN: 1-4623-2651-X; 1-4527-9043-4; 9786612842825; 1-4518-7208-9; 1-282-84282-X
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (37 p.)
• Collana: IMF Working Papers
• Soggetti: Medical economics; Medical care, Cost of; Public Finance; Taxation; Health Policy; Demography; National Government Expenditures and Health; Analysis of Health Care Markets; Health: Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health; Health: General; Personal Income and Other Nonbusiness Taxes and Subsidies; Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-labor Market Discrimination; Public finance & taxation; Health systems & services; Health economics; Welfare & benefit systems; Population & demography; Health care spending; Health care; Health; Social security contributions; Aging; Expenditure; Taxes; Population and demographics; Expenditures, Public; Medical care; Social security; Population aging; Taiwan Province of China
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Contents; I. Introduction; II. What are the Available Financing Options for Universal Health Care?; III. The Challenges of Population Aging and the Epidemiological Transition; IV. What Would Be the Optimal Tax: General Taxation Versus Mandatory Payroll/ Social Security Contributions?; V. Providing Universal Coverage: A Single Provider or Numerous Providers?; Boxes; 1. National Health Insurance in Taiwan Province of China (POC); VI. Designing the Benefit Package; 2. The Targeting of Health Services to the Poor: An International Perspective; VII. Preconditions for Successfully Implementing Health Care Reforms3. The National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE); 4. Examples of Planning and Gradually Extending Universal Health Care: Republic of Korea and Taiwan Province of China; VIII. Conclusions; References; Tables; 1. Selected Countries with Universal Health Care; 2. Selected Caribbean Countries Planning Universal Health Care Coverage; 3. ECCU: Official Development Assistance for Health, 1973-2005; Figures; 1. ECCU: Long-Term Health Care Costs, 2005-35; 2. ECCU: Diabetes Prevalence by Age Group, 2000-30; 3. ECCU: Cost of Treating Diabetes, 2000-30Appendices; I. Proposed Universal Health Care System in St. Lucia; II. Projecting Long-term Health Care Costs Due to Population Aging; III. Estimating Age-adjusted Health Spending
• Sommario/riassunto: Despite the increasing interest in universal health care, little is known about the optimal way to finance, design, and implement it. This paper attempts to fill this gap by providing some general policy recommendations on this important issue. While most of the paper addresses the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) countries, its policy implications are applicable to any country. The paper finds that the best financing option is country-specific depending on a country’s economic, cultural, institutional, demographic and epidemiological characteristics, as well as political economy considerations. However, taxation should be the primary financing source. It also concludes that an appropriate and realistic benefit package would need to be designed to ensure the system’s financial viability. Regarding the optimal way to implement universal health care, certain preconditions are needed, including sound public administration, a small informal economy, and a transparent health financing system that builds social consensus.

Adhesive Bonding Technology and Testing / / Ana Sofia Queiros Ferreira Barbosa [and four others]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910829818903321
• Autore: Queiros Ferreira Barbosa Ana Sofia
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Weinheim, Germany : , : WILEY-VCH GmbH, , [2023]; ©2023
• ISBN: 3-527-83802-3; 3-527-83800-7
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (208 pages)
• Disciplina: 668.3
• Soggetti: Adhesives; Adhesives - Testing
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Simple Practical Demonstrations -- 1.1 Importance of Loading Mode on Bonded Joint Performance -- 1.1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.2 Equipment -- 1.1.3 Materials -- 1.1.4 Safety Precautions -- 1.1.5 Experimental Procedure -- 1.1.5.1 In Class -- 1.1.5.2 In the Laboratory -- 1.2 Surface Treatments and Methods to Evaluate Surface Energy -- 1.2.1 Introduction -- 1.2.2 Equipment -- 1.2.3 Materials -- 1.2.4 Safety Precautions -- 1.2.5 Experimental Procedure -- 1.2.5.1 In Class -- 1.2.5.2 In Laboratory -- 1.3 Stress Distribution Along the Overlap Length -- 1.3.1 Introduction -- 1.3.2 Equipment -- 1.3.3 Materials -- 1.3.4 Safety Precautions -- 1.3.5 Test Procedure -- 1.4 Visual Identification of Defects in Adhesive Joints -- 1.4.1 Introduction -- 1.4.2 Equipment -- 1.4.3 Materials -- 1.4.4 Safety Precautions -- 1.4.5 Test Procedure -- 1.5 Failure Analysis of Adhesive Joints -- 1.5.1 Introduction -- 1.5.2 Equipment -- 1.5.3 Materials -- 1.5.4 Safety Precautions -- 1.5.5 Test Procedure -- Chapter 2 Production and Testing -- 2.1 Bulk Specimens -- 2.1.1 Introduction -- 2.1.2 Adhesive Pouring Technique -- 2.1.3 Metallic Mold -- 2.1.4 Adhesive Application -- 2.1.5 Curing Procedure -- 2.1.6 Machining Procedure -- 2.1.7 Testing Procedure -- 2.2 Thick Adherend Shear Specimens -- 2.2.1 Introduction -- 2.2.2 Metallic Mold -- 2.2.3 Surface Treatment of ; Adherends -- 2.2.4 Geometrical Control Using Shims -- 2.2.5 Specimen Manufacture -- 2.2.6 Final Specimen Preparation -- 2.2.7 Testing Procedure -- 2.3 Fracture Mechanics Specimens -- 2.3.1 Introduction -- 2.3.2 Metallic Mold -- 2.3.3 Surface Treatment of Adherends -- 2.3.4 Adhesive Spacers -- 2.3.5 Specimen Manufacture -- 2.3.6 Final Preparation of Specimens -- 2.3.7 Testing Procedure -- 2.3.8 Data Reduction Schemes -- 2.4 Single‐Lap Joint Specimens.; 2.4.1 Introduction -- 2.4.2 Surface Treatment of Adherends -- 2.4.3 Joint Manufacture -- 2.4.4 Final Preparation of Specimens -- 2.4.5 Testing Procedure -- Chapter 3 Laboratorial Activities and Report Examples -- 3.1 Effect of Surface Treatment on the Mechanical Behavior of Adhesively Bonded Joints -- 3.1.1 Introduction -- 3.1.1.1 Joint Strength Prediction -- 3.1.2 Work Description -- 3.1.3 Materials -- 3.1.3.1 Adherends (Tables and ) -- 3.1.3.2 Adhesive (Table ) -- 3.1.4 Experimental Work -- 3.1.5 Report -- 3.1.5.1 Introduction -- 3.1.5.2 Experimental Procedure -- 3.1.5.3 Materials -- 3.1.5.4 Failure Load Prediction -- 3.1.5.5 Experimental Results and Discussion -- 3.1.5.6 Conclusions -- 3.2 Effect of Adhesive Type and Overlap Length on the Failure Load of Adhesively Bonded Joints -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- 3.2.2 Work Description -- 3.2.3 Materials -- 3.2.3.1 Adherends -- 3.2.3.2 Adhesives (Table ) -- 3.2.4 Experimental Work -- 3.2.5 Report -- 3.2.5.1 Introduction -- 3.2.5.2 Materials -- 3.2.5.3 Prediction of the Failure Loads -- 3.2.5.4 Experimental Results -- 3.2.5.5 Discussion -- 3.2.5.6 Conclusions -- 3.3 Effect of Adhesive Thickness on the Failure Load of Adhesively Bonded Joints -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Work Description -- 3.3.3 Materials -- 3.3.3.1 Adherends: -- 3.3.3.2 Adhesives: -- 3.3.4 Experimental Work -- 3.3.5 Report -- 3.3.5.1 Introduction -- 3.3.5.2 Experimental Details -- 3.3.5.3 Prediction -- 3.3.5.4 Experimental Results -- 3.3.5.5 Failure Surfaces -- 3.3.5.6 Conclusion -- 3.4 Effect of Overlap Length on the Strength and Failure Mechanism of Composite Adhesive Joints -- 3.4.1 Introduction -- 3.4.2 Work Description -- 3.4.3 Materials -- 3.4.3.1 Adherends: -- 3.4.3.2 Adhesives (Table ) -- 3.4.4 Experimental Work -- 3.4.5 Report -- 3.4.5.1 Introduction -- 3.4.5.2 Characterization of the Tested Joints.; 3.4.5.3 Theoretical Prediction of Failure Load -- 3.4.5.4 Comparison with Experimental Results -- 3.4.5.5 Conclusions -- 3.5 Modeling a Single‐Lap Joint Using Finite Element Analysis and Cohesive Zone Modeling -- 3.5.1 Introduction -- 3.5.2 Work Description -- 3.5.3 Materials -- 3.5.3.1 Adherends: -- 3.5.3.2 Adhesives (Table ) -- 3.5.4 Modeling Procedure -- 3.5.5 Report -- 3.5.5.1 Introduction -- 3.5.5.2 Module/Part -- 3.5.5.3 Module/Property -- 3.5.5.4 Module/Section -- 3.5.5.5 Module/Step (First Phase) -- 3.5.5.6 Module/Load -- 3.5.5.7 Module/Mesh -- 3.5.5.8 Module/Step (Second Phase) -- 3.5.5.9 Module/Job -- 3.5.5.10 Module/Visualization -- 3.6 Case Study in Joint Design for a Structural Automotive Application -- 3.6.1 Introduction -- 3.6.2 Report -- 3.6.2.1 Introduction -- 3.6.2.2 Design Brief -- 3.6.2.3 Adhesive Selection -- 3.6.2.4 Surface Treatment Selection -- 3.6.2.5 Material Properties -- 3.6.2.6 Joint Design -- 3.6.2.7 Numerical Models -- 3.6.2.8 Design Validation -- 3.6.2.9 Design for Manufacturing -- 3.6.2.10 Quality Control Techniques -- 3.6.2.11 Health and Safety Concerns -- References -- Chapter 4 Essay and Multi‐choice Questions -- 4.1 Essay Questions -- 4.2 Multi‐choice Questions -- Solutions -- Essay Questions - Example Answers -- Multi-choice Questions - Solutions -- Index -- EULA.