The Behavioral and social sciences : achievements and opportunities / / [edited by] Dean R. Gerstein ... [et al.] ; Committee on Basic Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education, National Research Council ; with the cooperation of the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences and the Social Science Research Council

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910828847503321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1988
• ISBN: 1-280-22159-3; 9786610221592; 0-309-54278-2; 0-585-14894-5
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: xv, 282 p. : ill
• Altri autori (Persone): GersteinDean R
• Disciplina: 300/.72/073
• Soggetti: Social sciences - Research - United States; Human behavior - Research - United States
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: The Behavioral and Social Sciences -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Introduction -- 1 Behavior, Mind, and Brain -- SEEING AND HEARING -- Visual Analyzers -- Color Constancy -- Depth and Motion -- Perceiving Objects -- Temporal Auditory Patterns -- MEMORY -- Types of Memory -- Brain Structure and Neurotransmitters -- COGNITION AND ACTION -- Early Cognitive Development and Learning -- Categorical Knowledge and Representation -- Imagery -- Individual Decision Making -- Reasoning, Expertise, and Scientific Education -- Complex Action -- LANGUAGE -- Acquisition -- Sign Language -- Grammatical Universals -- Machines That Talk and Listen -- Reading -- Decoding and Dyslexias -- Interpretation and Comprehension -- OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS -- 2 Motivational and Social Contexts of Behavior -- AFFECT AND MOTIVATION -- Emotional Expression, Perception, and Maturation -- Emotive Circuitry and Metabolism in the Brain -- Biobehavioral Rhythms -- Patterns of Food Consumption -- ; BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH -- Prevention of Drug, Alcohol, and Tobacco Abuse -- Evaluating the Effects of Interventions -- Addiction and the Marketplace -- Prevention of AIDS -- Stress, Risk of Illness, and Behavior -- Behavior and Health Care Delivery Systems -- CRIME AND VIOLENCE -- Criminal Careers and the Effects of the Criminal Justice System -- Antisocial and Prosocial Dispositions -- ATTRIBUTIONS AND EXPECTANCIES IN SOCIAL INTERACTION -- Expectancies, Self-Concepts, and Motives -- Development of Close Relationships -- Small Groups and Behavior -- The Social Construction of Gender -- OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS -- 3 Choice and Allocation -- COLLECTIVE CHOICE AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR -- Setting Agendas -- Sequential and Simultaneous Votes -- Electorates -- Founding Political Systems -- ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGN AND CHANGE -- Organizational Politics and Institutional Constraints.; Organizational Evolution -- MARKETS AND ECONOMIC SYSTEMS -- Public Goods and Strategic Revelation -- Information Asymmetry and Transmission -- Regulation and Deregulation -- Rational Expectations -- CONTRACTS -- Principal-Agent Models -- Bargaining, Negotiation, and Repeated Interaction -- JOBS, WAGES, AND CAREERS -- Unemployment -- Implicit Labor Contracts -- Job Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap -- Technology, Migration, and Mobility -- New Sources of Data on Jobs and Careers -- OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS -- 4 Institutions and Cultures -- THE EVOLUTION OF HUMAN SOCIETY -- Social Organization in Prehistoric Times -- Food, Tools, and Home Bases -- Evolution of Language -- DEMOGRAPHIC BEHAVIOR -- Fertility and Lactation -- Population Change in Developing Countries -- Fertility and Migration in Developed Countries -- MODERNIZATION: FAMILY AND RELIGION -- The Nuclear Family and Social Change -- Religion, Social Change, and Politics -- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND PUBLIC POLICY -- The Shaping of Technology -- The Development of Science -- Behavioral and Social Sciences Knowledge and Public Policy -- INTERNATIONALIZATION -- International Finance and Domestic Policy -- Cultural and Political Diffusion -- The International Division of Labor -- Productivity -- INTERNATIONAL CONFLICT -- Superpower Relations -- Decision Making, Beliefs, and Cognitions -- Cooperation and Conflict -- OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS -- 5 Methods of Data Collection, Representation, and Analysis -- DESIGNS FOR DATA COLLECTION -- Experimental Designs -- Laboratory Experiments -- Randomized Field Experiments -- Survey Designs -- Advances in Longitudinal Designs -- Memory and the Framing of Questions -- Comparative Designs -- Ethnographic Designs -- Ideological Systems -- Historical Reconstruction -- MODELS FOR REPRESENTING PHENOMENA -- Probability Models.; Log-Linear Models for Categorical Variables -- Regression Models for Categorical Variables -- Models for Event Histories -- Models for Multiple-Item Measurement -- Nonlinear, Nonadditive Models -- Geometric and Algebraic Models -- Scaling -- Ordered Factorial Systems -- Clustering -- Network Models -- STATISTICAL INFERENCE AND ANALYSIS -- Causal Inference -- New Statistical Techniques -- Internal Resampling -- Robust Techniques -- Many Interrelated Parameters -- Missing Data -- Computing -- Computer Packages and Expert Systems -- Exploratory Analysis and Graphic Presentation -- Combining Evidence -- OPPORTUNITIES AND NEEDS -- 6 The Research Support System -- HUMAN RESOURCES -- Colleges and Graduate Schools -- Undergraduate Education -- Graduate Education -- Postdoctoral Training and Collaboration -- Postdoctoral Fellowships and Traineeships -- Advanced Training Institutes -- Collaboration and Communication -- TECHNOLOGICAL RESOURCES -- Computers -- ; Neuroimaging Devices -- Animal Care -- DATA RESOURCES -- Large-Scale Data Bases -- Research Access to Government Data -- Corporate and Local Government Archives -- FUNDING RESOURCES -- Modes of Support -- Grant Size and Duration -- The Disciplines and Interdisciplinary Research -- Interdisciplinary Research Centers -- THE PROBLEM OF VOICE -- 7 Raising the Scientific Yield -- RESEARCH FRONTIERS -- Behavior, Mind, and Brain -- Motivational and Social Contexts of Behavior -- Choice and Allocation -- Institutions and Cultures -- Methods of Data Collection, Representation, and Analysis -- RECOMMENDED NEW RESOURCES -- Human Resources -- Technological Resources -- Data Resources -- Interdisciplinary Research Centers -- Investigator-Initiated Grants -- Research Agency Changes -- CONCLUSION -- Appendix A Trends in Support for Research in the Behavioral and Social Sciences -- FEDERAL SUPPORT.; The Diversity of Federal Support -- National Science Foundation Support -- PRIVATE FOUNDATIONS -- Appendix B Working Group Members -- SENSORY AND PERCEPTUAL PROCESSES -- PSYCHOBIOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MEMORY -- INFORMATION AND COGNITIVE SCIENCES -- LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING -- DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE AND SOCIAL COMPETENCE -- HEALTH AND BEHAVIOR -- AFFECT AND MOTIVATION -- SOCIAL INTERACTION -- GENDER STUDIES -- INFORMATION AND DECISION MAKING -- MARKET EFFICIENCY -- JOBS AND INEQUALITY -- MARKETS AND ORGANIZATIONS -- COLLECTIVE CHOICE INSTITUTIONS -- EMERGENCE OF SOCIAL, POLITICAL, AND ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS -- URBAN TRANSFORMATION AND MIGRATION -- CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE -- FAMILY AND DOMESTIC RELATIONS -- FORMAL AND LEGAL PROCESSES -- CRIME AND VIOLENCE -- RELIGION AND POLITICAL CHANGE -- CULTURE AND IDEOLOGY -- INTERNATIONALIZATION OF SOCIAL, ECONOMIC, AND POLITICAL LIFE -- INTERNATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENT AND SECURITY STUDIES -- MACROECONOMIC POLICY -- SOCIAL STUDIES OF MODERN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY -- SOCIAL KNOWLEDGE PRODUCING INSTITUTIONS -- LARGE-SCALE DATA NEEDS -- STATISTICAL ANALYSIS -- MEASUREMENT AND SCALING -- ORIGINS OF HUMAN DISTINCTIVENESS -- Index.