Carbon capture and storage including coal-fired power plants / / Todd P. Carington, editor

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910828061703321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, : Nova Science Publishers, c2010
• ISBN: 1-61209-870-3
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (198 p.)
• Collana: Environmental science, engineering and technology series
• Altri autori (Persone): CaringtonTodd P
• Disciplina: 628.5/3
• Soggetti: Coal-fired power plants - Environmental aspects; Carbon sequestration; Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE INCLUDING COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS -- CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE INCLUDING COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 CAPTURING CO2 FROM COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS: CHALLENGES FOR A COMPREHENSIVE STRATEGY* -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION: COAL AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS -- BACKGROUND: WHAT IS CARBON CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY AND WHAT IS ITS STATUS? -- Post-Combustion CO2 Capture -- Monoethanolamine (MEA) -- Chilled ammonia (alstom) -- Ammonia (powerspan) -- Pre-Combustion CO2 Capture -- Combustion CO2 Capture -- DOE-Supported Technology Development -- ROLES FOR GOVERNMENT -- THE NEED FOR A DEMAND-PULL MECHANISM -- APPROACHES TO A DEMAND-PULL MECHANISM -- Creating Demand through a Regulatory Requirement: An Example from the SO2 New Source Performance Standards -- Creating Demand through a Price Signal: Carbon Taxes, Allowance Pricing and Auctions -- CURRENT TECHNOLOGY-PUSH MECHANISMS: DOE INVESTMENT IN CCS R&amp -- D -- Direct Spending on R&amp -- D -- Carbon capture and sequestration in the american recovery and reinvestment act of 2009 (ARRA) -- Loan Guarantees and Tax Credits -- ENCOURAGING TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT IN THE ABSENCE OF A MARKET: ISSUES FOR CURRENT CARBON CAPTURE RD&amp -- D POLICY -- Trying to Pick a Winner: FutureGen -- What Should the Federal Government ; Spend on CCS Technology Development? -- Legislation in the 110th and 111th Congresses -- Should the Federal Government Embark on a "Crash" Research and Development Program? -- The Manhattan Project and Apollo Program -- DOE-Supported Energy Technology Development -- Comparisons to CO2 Capture R&amp -- D at DOE -- The Possibility of Failure: The Synthetic Fuels Corporation -- IMPLICATIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE LEGISLATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 ESCAPING RADIOACTIVITY FROM COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION.; 2. RADIOACTIVITY OF COALS AND FLY ASHES -- 3. PARTICULATE DISPERSION OF FLY ASH -- 4. RADIOACTIVITY ESCAPING FROM COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS AS FINE PARTICLES -- 5. HAZARDS FROM THE RADIOACTIVITY ESCAPING FROM THE STACKS OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS -- 5.1. Hazards from the Escaping Fly Ash -- 5.2. Hazards from the Atmospheric Dispersion of Fly Ash -- 5.3. Hazards from Wall Radioactivity in Dwellings due to the Fly Ash -- 5.4. Hazards from Diffusion of Radon through Concrete -- 6. CONCLUSIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 INTRODUCING CCS: POTENTIAL CHANGES IN COAL-FIRED POWER PLANT DESIGN, OPERATION AND REGULATION IN A CARBON CONSTRAINED FUTURE -- ABSTRACT -- 1. INTRODUCTION -- 2. CO2 CAPTURE TECHNOLOGY DESIGN FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS -- 3. POWER PLANT OPERATION WITH CCS -- 3.1 Flexibility of Plants with Post-Combustion Capture -- 3.2. Flexibility of Plants with Oxyfuel Capture -- 3.3. Flexibility of IGCC Plants with CO2 Capture -- 4. PREPARING FOR WIDESPREAD DEPLOYMENT OF CCS: REGULATIONS, INCENTIVES AND CAPTURE-READY -- 4.1. Regulations and Incentives for CCS Deployment -- 4.2. Capture Ready Design and Retrofitting CO2 Capture to Existing Plants -- 5. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 SPATIAL IMPACTS OF TRADABLE PERMIT MARKETS: THE CASE OF SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS -- ABSTRACT -- I. INTRODUCTION -- II. DAMAGE FUNCTION METHODOLOGY -- Determining Health Consequences -- Quantifying Health Impacts -- III. IMPLEMENTATION OF THE DAMAGE FUNCTION APPROACH -- Pollution Concentrations -- Human Exposure -- Health Impacts -- Economic Valuation -- IV. RESULTS -- Marginal Benefits -- Total Benefits -- Emission Trading -- V. CONCLUSION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 5 THE CARBON CYCLE: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLIMATE CHANGE AND CONGRESS* -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- CARBON STORAGE, SOURCES AND SINKS -- CARBON FLUX, OR EXCHANGE, WITH THE ATMOSPHERE.; Land Surface-Atmosphere Flux -- Ocean-Atmosphere Flux -- POLICY IMPLICATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 ARE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS RISING MORE RAPIDLY THAN EXPECTED?* -- SUMMARY -- RISING CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS -- COMPARING CO2 EMISSIONS WITH ESTABLISHED SCENARIOS -- Comparisons with the IPCC Scenarios -- Monitoring Emissions Trends -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 CLIMATE CHANGE: FEDERAL ACTIONS WILL GREATLY AFFECT THE VIABILITY OF CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE AS A KEY MITIGATION OPTION* -- WHY GAO DID THIS STUDY -- WHAT GAO RECOMMENDS -- WHAT GAO FOUND -- ABBREVIATIONS -- RESULTS IN BRIEF -- BACKGROUND -- BARRIERS TO CCS DEPLOYMENT INCLUDE THE HIGH COST OF CURRENT TECHNOLOGIES, REGULATORY UNCERTAINTY, AND THE LACK OF A NATIONAL STRATEGY TO CONTROL CO2 EMISSIONS -- CO2 CAPTURE MUST OVERCOME SIGNIFICANT TECHNOLOGICAL HURDLES TO BE A COST-EFFECTIVE TECHNOLOGY FOR COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS -- CCS Has Yet to Be Demonstrated on a Commercial Scale at a Power Plant -- Coal Gasification Technology Offers Promise in Capturing CO2 at New Plants but Has Limitations That May Impede ; Its Widespread Use -- Capturing CO2 from Existing Coal-fired Power Plants Requires Significant Amounts of Energy and Imposes High Costs -- Regulatory and Legal Uncertainties also Complicate Capture, Injection, and Storage of CO2 -- Confusion over Rules about Large-Volume Injections of CO2 -- Long-Term Liability Concerns over CO2 Storage and Possible Leakage -- Property Ownership Patterns May Also Affect CO2 Storage -- Uncertainty Regarding How the Clean Air Act Will Apply to Power Plants with CCS -- The Absence of a National Strategy to Control CO2 Emissions Gives Neither Industry Nor Government Agencies an Incentive to Invest in CCS -- Industry Has Little Incentive to Invest in CO2 Control Technologies without a National Strategy to Control CO2 Emissions.; The Absence of a National Strategy to Control CO2 Emissions Has Constrained the Federal Government's Efforts to Plan For and Develop CCS Projects -- FEDERAL AGENCIES HAVE YET TO RESOLVE THE FULL RANGE OF ISSUES REQUIRING RESOLUTION FOR WIDESPREAD CCS DEPLOYMENT -- DOE Has Only Recently Prioritized Research to Help Control CO2 Emissions from Existing Power Plants -- DOE Has Achieved Some Advances with IGCC Technology -- DOE Funding Decisions Reflect Agency's Focus on IGCC -- IGCC Technology's Potential for Reducing CO2 Emissions Is Uncertain -- DOE Has Thus Far Achieved Limited Success in Reducing CO2 Emissions from Existing Power Plants -- DOE Has Recently Focused More Attention on Existing Plants -- EPA Has Begun to Address Regulatory Uncertainty Concerning CO2 Injection and Storage, but Key Issues Remain Unresolved -- EPA Has Issued a Proposed Rule under the SDWA on Permitting Large-Volume CO2 Injections -- Financial Responsibility Requirements -- Key Legal and Regulatory Issues outside of the SDWA Have Been Largely Unaddressed -- Other Key Issues that Should Be Proactively Addressed to Support a National CCS Framework -- Property Rights and Liability Issues Related to CO2 Injection on Both Federal and Nonfederal Lands -- CO2 Pipeline Regulation -- Detailed Assessment of Feasible CO2 Storage Sites -- Potential Public Opposition Arising from Health Concerns over CO2 Storage and Transport -- Accounting System for Measuring CO2 Stored by CCS for Use in a CO2 Emissions Trading Plan -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXECUTIVE ACTION -- AGENCY COMMENTS AND OUR EVALUATION -- APPENDIX I: OBJECTIVES, SCOPE, AND METHODOLOGY -- APPENDIX II: COMMENTS FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY -- GAO COMMENTS -- APPENDIX III: COMMENTS FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY -- GAO COMMENTS -- REFERENCES -- INDEX -- Blank Page.