3.8 Regression Models for General Time Series Data -- 3.8.1 Detecting Autocorrelation: The Durbin-Watson Test -- 3.8.2 Estimating the Parameters in Time Series Regression Models -- 3.9 Econometric Models -- 3.10 R Commands for Chapter 3 -- Exercises -- 4 Exponential Smoothing Methods -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 First-Order Exponential Smoothing -- 4.2.1 The Initial Value, -- 4.2.2 The Value of l -- 4.3 Modeling Time Series Data -- 4.4 Second-Order Exponential Smoothing -- 4.5 Higher-Order Exponential Smoothing -- 4.6 Forecasting -- 4.6.1 Constant Process -- 4.6.2 Linear Trend Process -- 4.6.3 Estimation of -- 4.6.4 Adaptive Updating of the Discount Factor -- 4.6.5 Model Assessment -- 4.7 Exponential Smoothing for Seasonal Data -- 4.7.1 Additive Seasonal Model -- 4.7.2 Multiplicative Seasonal Model -- 4.8 Exponential Smoothing of Biosurveillance Data -- 4.9 Exponential Smoothers and Arima Models -- 4.10 R Commands for Chapter 4 -- Exercises -- 5 Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Models -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Linear Models for Stationary Time Series -- 5.2.1 Stationarity -- 5.2.2 Stationary Time Series -- 5.3 Finite Order Moving Average Processes -- 5.3.1 The First-Order Moving Average Process, MA(1) -- 5.3.2 The Second-Order Moving Average Process, MA(2) -- 5.4 Finite Order Autoregressive Processes -- 5.4.1 First-Order Autoregressive Process, AR(1) -- 5.4.2 Second-Order Autoregressive Process, AR(2) -- 5.4.3 General Autoregressive Process, AR() -- 5.4.4 Partial Autocorrelation Function, PACF -- 5.5 Mixed Autoregressive-Moving Average Processes -- 5.5.1 Stationarity of ARMA(p, q) Process -- 5.5.2 Invertibility of ARMA(p, q) Process -- 5.5.3 ACF and PACF of ARMA(p, q) Process -- 5.6 Nonstationary Processes -- 5.6.1 Some Examples of ARIMA(p, d, q) Processes -- 5.7 Time Series Model Building -- 5.7.1 Model Identification. |