Space science in the twenty-first century : imperatives for the decades 1995 to 2015 : report of the study steering group / / Space Science Board, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Resources, National Research Council

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910827572003321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1988
• ISBN: 1-280-21486-4; 9786610214860; 0-309-59477-4; 0-585-16839-3
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (153 p.)
• Disciplina: 500.5
• Soggetti: Space sciences; Astronomy; Cosmic physics; Space biology; Planets - Exploration; Relativity (Physics)
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Support for this project was provided by Contract NASW-3482 between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
• Nota di contenuto: Space Science in the Twenty-First Century: Imperatives for the Decades 1995 to 2015 -- Copyright -- Foreword -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- OVERVIEW -- EXOBIOLOGY -- GLOBAL BIOLOGY/BIOSPHERIC SCIENCE -- CONTROLLED ECOLOGICAL LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM (CELSS) -- SPACE BIOLOGY -- HUMAN BIOLOGY AND SPACE MEDICINE -- IMPLEMENTATION -- 2 Exobiology -- WHAT IS EXOBIOLOGY? -- PLANETARY EXPLORATION AND THE NEED FOR SPACE DATA -- RESEARCH TOPICS -- Formation and Evolution of Biogenic Elements and Compounds -- Nucleosynthesis and Ejection to the Interstellar Medium -- Chemical Evolution in the Interstellar Medium -- Protostellar Collapse -- Chemical Evolution in the Solar Nebula -- Growth of ; Planetesimals from Dust -- Accumulation and Thermal Processing of Planetoids -- Prebiotic and Chemical Evolution -- Energy Harvesting, Storage, and Transduction -- Early Life -- Replication and Transcription -- Translation -- Clays and Other Minerals as Catalysts -- Lipids and Compartments -- Early Biological Evolution -- The Evolution of Complex and Higher Organisms -- Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) -- SPACE MISSIONS -- Introduction -- Pre-1995 Planetary Missions -- Venus -- Mars -- Comets and Asteroids -- Outer Planets -- Planetary Missions After 1995 -- Sample Return Missions: The Next Step -- Targets and Strategies for Future Missions -- Sample Return from Mars -- Comet Sample Return -- In Situ Studies of Titan -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 3 Global Biology / Biospheric Science -- BACKGROUND -- BIOSPHERE-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTIONS -- Biosphere-Climate Interactions -- Biosphere-Atmospheric Chemistry Interactions -- GLOBAL ECOLOGY -- Global Ecology Models and Data Handling -- 4 Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS) -- DEFINITION -- RESEARCH OBJECTIVES -- ACCOMPLISHMENTS -- 5 Space Biology -- THE PROBLEMS -- WORK TO DATE -- FUTURE WORK.; Special Requirements -- 6 Human Biology and Space Medicine -- INTRODUCTION -- EXPERIMENTAL USE OF ANIMALS -- Approach to Scientific Questions -- NEUROSENSORY PHYSIOLOGY -- Introduction -- Background -- Flight Experience -- Space Motion Sickness -- Vestibulo-Spinal Reflexes -- Proposed Research -- Overview -- Visual System -- Tactile and Proprioceptive Systems -- BONE AND MINERAL METABOLISM -- Introduction -- Background -- Flight Experience -- Cellular Mechanisms -- Possibility of Urinary Tract Stone Formation -- Proposed Research -- Characterization -- Cellular Mechanisms -- Nutrition -- Summary -- MUSCLE METABOLISM -- Introduction -- Background -- Flight Experience -- Ground-Based Studies -- Proposed Research -- CARDIOVASCULAR, PULMONARY, AND RENAL SYSTEMS -- Introduction -- Background -- Proposed Research -- Cardiovascular Conditioning -- Pulmonary Function -- Renal Function -- Conclusions and Recommendation -- INTEGRATED FUNCTIONS -- Introduction -- Nutrition -- Background -- Proposed Research -- Immune System -- Background -- Proposed Research -- Other Systems -- RADIATION EFFECTS -- Introduction -- Background -- Space Radiation Environment -- Spacecraft Radiation Environment -- Biological Effects -- Proposed Research -- BEHAVIOR AND PERFORMANCE -- Introduction -- Background -- Proposed Research -- Overview -- Environmental Factors -- Individual Factors -- Group Factors -- Integrative Factors -- Technology and Scientific Resource Requirements -- HEALTH MAINTENANCE -- Introduction -- Types of Care -- Unique Environmental Stresses -- Microorganisms -- Aerosols and Particulates -- Toxic Volatiles -- Water, Air, and Temperature -- Proposed Research -- 7 International Cooperation in Space Life Sciences -- 1. ONGOING AGREEMENTS AND MEMORANDA OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU) -- 2. AGREEMENTS PENDING -- 3. AGREEMENTS FINISHED -- 8 Instrumentation and Technology.; INTRODUCTION -- EXOBIOLOGY -- General -- Specific Needs -- GLOBAL BIOLOGY -- General -- Specific Needs -- SPACE BIOLOGY -- General -- Specific Needs -- SPACE MEDICINE -- General -- Specific Needs -- CONTROLLED ECOLOGICAL LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM (CELSS) -- General -- Specific Needs -- COMPUTATION, INTEGRATION, AND ROBOTICS.