Plasma science : from fundamental research to technological applications / / Panel on Opportunities in Plasma Science and Technology, Plasma Science Committee, Board on Physics and Astronomy, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics, and Applications, National Research Council

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910827539703321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, c1995
• ISBN: 0-309-17638-7; 1-280-19324-7; 9786610193240; 0-309-57777-2; 0-585-02342-5
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (230 p.)
• Disciplina: 530.4/4
• Soggetti: Plasma (Ionized gases) - Research
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "This project was supported by the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG05-88ER53279, the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-9100105, and the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-J-1728"--T.p. verso.
• Nota di contenuto: Plasma Science -- Copyright -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- FINDINGS -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- PART I Overview -- INTRODUCTION -- THE ROLE OF PLASMA SCIENCE IN OUR SOCIETY -- THE DISCIPLINE OF PLASMA SCIENCE -- COMMON RESEARCH THEMES -- Wave-Particle Interactions and Plasma Heating -- Chaos, Turbulence, and Transport -- Plasma Sheaths and Boundary Layers -- Magnetic Reconnection and Dynamo Action -- RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN PLASMA SCIENCE -- Basic Plasma Experiments -- Theory and Computational Plasma Physics -- Education in Plasma Science -- SUMMARY OF TOPICAL AREAS -- LOW-TEMPERATURE PLASMAS -- NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS -- INERTIAL CONFINEMENT FUSION -- MAGNETIC CONFINEMENT FUSION -- BEAMS, ACCELERATORS, AND COHERENT RADIATION SOURCES -- SPACE PLASMAS -- ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS -- CENTRAL MESSAGES OF THIS ; REPORT -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- PART II Topical Areas -- 1 Low-Temperature Plasmas -- INTRODUCTION -- LIGHTING -- GAS DISCHARGE LASERS -- PLASMA ISOTOPE SEPARATION -- PLASMAS FOR ELECTRIC PROPULSION OF SPACE VEHICLES -- MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS -- PLASMAS FOR POLLUTION CONTROL AND REDUCTION -- PLASMA PROCESSING OF MATERIALS -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Conclusions -- Recommendations -- 2 Nonneutral Plasmas -- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- RECENT ADVANCES IN NONNEUTRAL PLASMAS -- Electron Plasmas -- Ion Plasmas -- Ion Plasmas in Electron-Beam Ion Traps -- Confinement of Antimatter -- RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES -- Coherent Structures and Vortex Dynamics -- Transport Processes -- Confinement Properties in Nonaxisymmetric Geometries -- Stochastic Effects -- Strongly Coupled Nonneutral Plasmas -- Quantum-Mechanical Effects -- Antimatter -- OPPORTUNITIES FOR ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY -- Precision Clocks -- Precision Mass Spectrometry -- Ion Sources with Enhanced Brightness -- Electron-Beam Ion Traps.; Radiation Sources -- Pressure Standard in Ultrahigh-Vacuum Regime -- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 3 Inertial Confinement Fusion -- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- RECENT ADVANCES -- Laser Fusion -- Ion-Beam Fusion -- SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL OPPORTUNITIES -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 4 Magnetic Confinement Fusion -- INTRODUCTION -- MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS AND STABILITY -- Introduction and Background -- Past Achievements -- Future Prospects -- TOKAMAK TRANSPORT -- Introduction and Background -- Past Achievements -- Future Prospects -- EDGE AND DIVERTOR PHYSICS -- Introduction and Background -- Recent Advances -- Future Research and Technical Opportunities -- PLASMA HEATING AND NON-INDUCTIVE CURRENT DRIVE -- Neutral-Beam Heating and Current Drive -- Introduction and Background -- Past Achievements -- Future Prospects -- Radio-Frequency Heating and Current Drive -- Introduction and Background -- Past Achievements -- Future Prospects -- DIAGNOSTIC DEVELOPMENT -- Introduction and Background -- Past Achievements -- Future Prospects -- NON-TOKAMAK CONCEPTS -- Introduction and Background -- Recent Advances -- Future Prospects -- CONCLUSIONS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- 5 Beams, Accelerators, and Coherent Radiation Sources -- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- RECENT ADVANCES AND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OPPORTUNITIES -- Intense Charged-Particle Beams -- Accelerators -- Coherent Radiation Sources -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 6 Space Plasmas -- INTRODUCTION -- Background -- Status -- TOOLS FOR SPACE PLASMA PHYSICS -- Space-Based Techniques -- Ground-Based Techniques -- Plasma Theory and Simulations -- Laboratory Techniques -- FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES IN SPACE PLASMAS -- Wave-Particle Interactions -- Charged-Particle and Plasma Energization -- Dust-Plasma Interactions -- The Critical Ionization Velocity Effect -- Radiation Processes.; ACTIVE EXPERIMENTS -- Plasma and Neutral Mass Injections -- Particle Beam Experiments -- Wave Injection Experiments -- Vehicle-Environment Interactions -- FUTURE PLANS AND OPPORTUNITIES -- In Situ Observations -- In Situ Experiments -- Terrestrial Observation Networks -- Laboratory Experiments -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 7 Plasma Astrophysics -- RECENT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN PLASMA ASTROPHYSICS -- Magnetized Disks, Winds, and Jets -- Particle Acceleration in Shocks -- Magnetized Convection in Stars -- Formation of Low-Mass Stars -- PROBLEMS IN PLASMA ASTROPHYSICS -- Dense Stellar Plasmas -- Thermal ; Conduction in Plasmas -- Structure of Collisionless Shocks -- Acceleration of Particles to High Energies -- Hydromagnetic Turbulence -- Magnetic Reconnection -- The Magnetization of the Universe -- Laboratory Experiments -- TRAINING IN PLASMA ASTROPHYSICS -- FUNDING FOR PLASMA ASTROPHYSICS -- SUMMARY -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- Conclusions -- Recommendation -- PART III Board Areas of Plasma Science -- 8 Basic Plasma Experiments -- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- OVERVIEW OF RECENT PROGRESS -- Basic Plasma Experiments -- Wave Phenomena -- Bernstein Waves. -- Mode Conversion. -- Wave-Particle Interactions -- Magnetically Trapped Particle Instabilities. -- Lower Hybrid Wave Current Drive. -- Beat Wave Excitation and Particle Acceleration. -- Nonlinear Phenomena -- Double Layers. -- Ponderomotive Forces and the Filamentation of Electromagnetic Radiation. -- Magnetic Field Line Reconnection. -- Plasma Reorganization. -- Chaos and Turbulence -- Chaos. -- Quasilinear Effects and Single-Wave Stochasticity. -- Collisionless Heat Transport. -- Strong Langmuir Turbulence. -- Experimental Techniques and Capabilities -- Plasma Sources -- Mechanical Probes -- Laser-Based Optical Diagnostics -- Data Acquisition and Processing -- RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES.; Fundamental Plasma Processes -- Wave Phenomena -- Alfven Waves. -- Wave-Plasma Interactions. -- Intense Laser-Plasma Interactions. -- Chaos, Turbulence, and Localized Structures -- Nonlinear Particle Dynamics and Chaos. -- Nonlinear Wave Phenomena. -- Turbulence. -- Turbulent Transport. -- Sheaths, Boundary Layers, and Double Layers. -- Shock Waves. -- Striated Plasmas. -- Flows in Magnetized Plasmas. -- Plasmoids. -- Magnetic Effects -- Magnetic Field Line Reconnection. -- Dynamo Action. -- Magnetic Reconfiguration. -- New Experimental Capabilities -- Use of Nanotechnology -- Optical Diagnostics -- New Regimes of Plasma Parameters -- Data Acquisition -- Massively Parallel Plasma Diagnostics -- SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 9 Theoretical and Computational Plasma Physics -- INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- RECENT ADVANCES IN THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL PLASMA PHYSICS -- Hamiltonian Transport -- Coherent Structures and Self-Organization -- Strong Plasma Turbulence -- Gyrokinetics -- Large-Orbit Effects on Plasma Stability -- Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamics -- Numerical Simulation of Plasma Processes -- Nonlinear Laser-Plasma Interaction -- Nonlinear Processes in Ionospheric Plasmas -- Collisional Relaxation of Nonneutral Plasmas -- Free-electron Lasers and High-Power Microwave Sources -- RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES -- Basic Plasma Theory and Applications to Laboratory Plasmas -- Nonlinear Plasma Processes -- Numerical Simulation -- Novel Analytical Techniques -- Boundary Layers -- Kinetic Theory -- Stochastic Effects in Evolving Plasmas -- Alpha-Particle Effects in Magnetically Confined Plasmas -- Concept Improvement -- Nonlinear Interaction of Intense Electromagnetic Waves with Plasmas -- Current-Carrying Plasmas with Flow -- Engineering Design Tools -- Space Plasmas -- Magnetic Reconnection -- Turbulence -- Large-Scale Flows.; Particle Acceleration -- Plasma Confinement and Transport -- Collisionless Shocks -- Chaotic Effects -- Summary -- CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- 10 Education in Plasma Science -- DEGREE PRODUCTION AND EMPLOYMENT STATISTICS -- ESTIMATE OF FUTURE SUPPLY OF PLASMA PHYSICISTS -- EDUCATING NON-PLASMA STUDENTS IN PLASMA PHYSICS -- GENERAL COMMENTS -- RECOMMENDATIONS -- PART IV Conclusion -- APPENDICES -- A Federal Funding Data -- B Letters to Funding Agencies -- C List of ; Agencies Contacted.