U.S. political programs [[electronic resource] ] : functions and assessments / / Julianna M. Moretti and Karen J. Chordstron, editors

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910825972703321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., c2011
• ISBN: 1-62257-125-8
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (276 p.)
• Collana: American political, economic, and security issues series
• Altri autori (Persone): MorettiJulianna M; ChordstronKaren J
• Disciplina: 320.60973
• Soggetti: United States Economic policy 21st century; United States Social policy 21st century; United States Foreign relations 21st century; United States Politics and government 21st century
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- U.S. POLITICAL PROGRAMS: FUNCTIONS AND ASSESSMENTS -- U.S. POLITICAL PROGRAMS: FUNCTIONS AND ASSESSMENTS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- SENATE CONSIDERATION OF PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATIONS: COMMITTEE AND FLOOR PROCEDURE -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- RECEIPT AND REFERRAL -- COMMITTEE PROCEDURES -- Written Rules -- Investigations -- Hearings -- Reporting -- FLOOR PROCEDURES -- Executive Calendar -- Executive Session -- Taking up a Nomination -- Holds -- Consideration and Disposition -- Recommital -- Reconsideration -- Cloture -- NOMINATIONS RETURNED TO THE PRESIDENT -- RECESS APPOINTMENTS -- RELATED CRS REPORTS -- REFERENCES -- THE MANHATTAN PROJECT, THE APOLLO PROGRAM AND FEDERAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY R&amp -- D PROGRAMS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS -- ABSTRACT -- THE MANHATTAN PROJECT -- THE APOLLO PROGRAM -- ENERGY TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT -- COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE MANHATTAN PROJECT, THE APOLLO PROGRAM, AND FEDERAL ENERGY TECHNOLOGY R&amp -- D -- Funding -- Threat Perception -- Goal Clarity -- Technology Customer -- IMPLICATIONS FOR CONGRESS -- CONGRESSIONAL ACTIVITIES -- REFERENCES -- THE ; TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION PROGRAM -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- A DIFFERENT APPROACH -- ISSUES AND OBSERVATIONS -- REFERENCES -- MILLENNIUM CHALLENGE CORPORATION -- ABSTRACT -- MOST RECENT DEVELOPMENTS -- OVERVIEW -- MCC BACKGROUND -- MCC IMPLEMENTATION -- Selection of Candidate Countries -- Country Selection Criteria and Methodology -- Selecting Eligible Countries -- Country Selection - FY2009 -- MCC Compacts and Program Proposals -- Compact Descriptions -- Madagascar -- Honduras -- Cape Verde -- Nicaragua -- Georgia -- Armenia -- Vanuatu -- Ghana -- Benin -- Mali -- El Salvador -- Mozambique -- Lesotho -- Morocco -- Mongolia -- Tanzania -- Burkina Faso -- Namibia -- "Threshold" Countries and Programs -- SELECT ISSUES -- Funding.; MCC Request and Congressional Action for FY2009 -- MCC Request and Congressional Action for FY2010 -- Authorizing Legislation and MCC Reform -- Compact Size -- Speed of Implementation -- Compact Sectors -- Compact Impact -- Changing Costs -- Role of USAID and the Future of Agency Programs in MCC Countries -- REFERENCES -- PEACEKEEPING/STABILIZATION AND CONFLICT TRANSITIONS:BACKGROUND AND CONGRESSIONAL ACTION ON THE CIVILIAN RESPONSE/RESERVE CORPS AND OTHER CIVILIAN STABILIZATION AND RECONSTRUCTION CAPABILITIES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- BACKGROUND -- Evolving Perceptions of Post-Conflict Needs [3] -- Calls for Change -- Proposals for New Civilian Forces -- Critics Respond -- Creating Civilian Reconstruction and Stabilization Capabilities: Congressional and Executive Actions, 2004-2007 -- The "Lugar-Biden" Legislation -- S/CRS Start-Up and Early Congressional Mandate -- 2004 Congressional Mandate -- S/CRS Role in Interagency Coordination -- CODIFYING CIVILIAN RECONSTRUCTION AND STABILIZATION ASSISTANCE AND STATE DEPARTMENT -- Capabilities: Title XVI, P.L. 110-417, October 14, 2008 -- Makes S/CRS a Permanent State Department Office and Assigns Specific Functions -- Authorizes a Civilian Response Readiness Corps and a Civilian Reserve Corps -- DEVELOPMENT OF THE S/CRS OFFICE, RESPONSIBILITIES, AND CAPABILITIES -- Monitoring and Planning for Potential Conflicts -- Developing and Carrying Out Conflict Response Activities -- The Response Corps Pilot Project -- Other Activities -- CURRENT DEVELOPMENT OF THE CIVILIAN RESPONSE CORPS (CRC) -- Initial CRC Funding: FY2008 and FY2009 -- FY2010 Budget Request -- Establishing the Civilian Response Corps Active Response Component (CRC-A) -- Establishing the Civilian Response Corps Standby Component (CRC-S) -- Establishing a Civilian Reserve Capability -- CONGRESSIONAL ACTION FOR FY2010.; Foreign Relations Authorization Act, FY2010-FY2011 (H.R.2410) -- ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- S/CRS Capacity and Status -- Appropriate Size for the Civilian Response Corps -- Flexible Funding for CRC Operations -- Further Authority and Funding for the Reserve Component -- REFERENCES -- AMERICA COMPETES ACT AND THE FY2010 BUDGET -- ABSTRACT -- OVERVIEW OF THE AMERICA COMPETES ACT -- OVERVIEW OF FY2008 AND FY2009 APPROPRIATIONS -- OBAMA ADMINISTRATION BUDGET REQUEST -- Research -- Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) Education -- CONGRESSIONAL ACTIVITIES -- Budget Resolution -- Appropriations Committee -- Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies -- Future Activities -- Issues for Congress -- REFERENCES -- EMPLOYMENT-BASED HEALTH COVERAGE AND HEALTH REFORM: SELECTED LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS -- ABSTRACT -- THE EMPLOYEE RETIREMENT INCOME SECURITY ACT (ERISA) -- Overview of ERISA ; Preemption -- ERISA PREEMPTION AND HEALTH REFORM -- ERISA and Current State Health Reform Efforts -- ERISA and National Health Reform Efforts -- FEDERAL TAX TREATMENT FOR EMPLOYER-PROVIDED HEALTH CARE INSURANCE -- Employer Paid Health Insurance Premiums -- Premium Conversion -- Employment and Unemployment Taxes -- Incentives for Employees to Elect Employer-provided Health Insurance -- Incentives for Employers to Offer Health Insurance -- REFERENCES -- SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND AMERICAN DIPLOMACY: BACKGROUND AND ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- OVERVIEW OF U.S. INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (S&amp -- T) POLICY ORGANIZATIONS -- Department of State (DOS) -- Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs (OES) -- Science and Technology Advisor to the Secretary of State (STAS) -- U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).; White House Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) -- Role of Other Federal Agencies and Nongovernmental Organizations -- OBAMA ADMINISTRATION ACTIONS -- ROLE OF CONGRESS -- S&amp -- T Expertise, Presence, and Global Engagement at DOS -- S&amp -- T Capacity at USAID -- International S&amp -- T Policy Direction and Federal Coordination at OSTP and NSTC -- New Institute to Support Technology Research -- Additional Considerations -- CONGRESSIONAL ACTIVITIES -- REFERENCES -- THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL: AN ORGANIZATIONAL ASSESSMENT -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- PRE-NSC COORDINATION METHODS -- The Need for Interdepartmental Coordination -- Past Modes of Policy Coordination -- THE CREATION OF THE NSC [5] -- Introduction -- Proposals -- Congressional Consideration -- The NSC as Created in 1947 -- THE NATIONAL SECURITY COUNCIL, 1947-2009 -- The Truman NSC, 1947-1953 -- The Eisenhower NSC, 1953-1961 -- The Kennedy NSC, 1961-1963 -- The Johnson NSC, 1963-1969 -- The Nixon NSC, 1969-1974 -- The Ford NSC, 1974-1977 -- The Carter NSC, 1977-1981 [30] -- The Reagan NSC, 1981-1989 -- The George H.W. Bush NSC, 1989-1993 -- The Clinton NSC, 1993-2001 -- The George W. Bush NSC, 2001-2009 -- The Obama NSC, 2009- -- OVERVIEW OF CURRENT NSC FUNCTIONS -- NSC Executive and Congressional Liaison -- The NSC and International Economic Issues -- The Growing Importance of Law Enforcement Issues -- The Role of the National Security Adviser -- SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY -- APPENDIX A. NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISERS -- REFERENCES -- THE GLOBAL PEACE OPERATIONS INITIATIVE: BACKGROUND AND ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- Purposes and Goal -- Achievements to Date -- Funding to Date -- BACKGROUND -- GPOI PURPOSES AND ACTIVITIES -- GPOI Goals and Needs -- Demand for Peacekeepers.; Need for Gendarme/Constabulary Forces -- U.S. Peacekeeping Training and Assistance, Pre-GPOI, in Sub- Saharan Africa -- The Transition to GPOI Training and Assistance in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Development of a "Beyond Africa" Program -- Western Hemisphere -- Asia/South Asia/Pacific Islands -- Greater Europe (Europe and Eurasia) -- Middle East -- Foreign Contributions to Peacekeeping Capacity Building -- Italian Center of Excellence for Stability Police Units (CoESPU) -- ADMINISTRATION FUNDING REQUESTS AND CONGRESSIONAL ACTION -- FY2005-FY2009 GPOI Funding -- FY2010 Funding Request -- Congressional Action in the 111th Congress -- Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2010 and 2011 (Section 1108, H.R. 2410) -- Issues for the 111th Congress -- REFERENCES -- HEALTH CARE REFORM: AN INTRODUCTION -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- THREE PREDOMINANT CONCERNS -- Coverage -- Cost and Spending -- ; Quality -- SOME LIKELY LEGISLATIVE ISSUES -- The Scope of Reform -- Public or Private Insurance -- Employment-Based Insurance -- The Role of States -- THE COST OF REFORM -- CONGRESSIONAL PROPOSALS -- APPENDIX A. OVERVIEW OF HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE -- APPENDIX B. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE UNINSURED -- APPENDIX C. DISTRIBUTION OF NATIONAL HEALTH CARE EXPENDITURES -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.