1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910825779803321

Autore

Gerdes William D.

Titolo

The basics of foreign exchange markets : a monetary systems approach / / William D. Gerdes

Pubbl/distr/stampa

New York, New York (222 East 46th Street, New York, NY 10017) : , : Business Expert Press, , 2015

ISBN

1-60649-821-5

Edizione

[First edition.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (106 p.)

Collana

Economics collection, , 2163-7628

Disciplina

332.45

Soggetti

Foreign exchange market

Foreign exchange rates

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Part of: 2014 digital library.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references (page [87]) and index.

Nota di contenuto

1. Introduction -- 2. Money and monetary systems -- 3. Foreign exchange markets -- 4. Foreign exchange markets with commodity and fiduciary monies -- 5. Foreign exchange markets with fiat money: fixed exchange rates -- 6. Foreign exchange markets with fiat money: flexible exchange rates -- 7. Proposals advanced by critics of flexible exchange rates -- Notes -- References -- Index.

Sommario/riassunto

Foreign exchange markets are inextricably entwined with underlying monetary standards. Thus, they are treated conjointly. Four different exchange rate regimes are analyzed: (1) foreign exchange markets with commodity money; (2) foreign exchange markets with fiduciary money; (3) foreign exchange markets with fiat money--fixed exchange rates; and, (4) foreign exchange markets with fiat money--flexible exchange rates. For the last eight decades, most countries have operated with fiat monies. For proponents of the fiat money standard, one of its desirable attributes is that it provides individual countries with considerable monetary autonomy. However, both analytics and experience indicate that this is not always the case. Whether a country has more monetary autonomy depends upon whether fiat money is paired with fixed exchange rates (regime 3) or flexible exchange rates (regime 4). More autonomy is possible with flexible exchange rates (regime 4). Such autonomy is largely possible because foreign exchange markets are allowed to accommodate the wide variations in national monetary



policies. Under this regime, the purchasing power parity (PPP) theory of exchange rates assumes elevated importance in accounting for foreign exchange market adjustments. Exchange rate regime 4 has been in place (in many countries) for more than four decades, and there are critics. Those who advocate scrapping this arrangement generally favor a return to either regime 2 or regime 3.

2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910495247503321

Autore

Zhao Rui <active 8th century, >

Titolo

Carbon Labeling Practice : From the Perspective of Stakeholder’s Interaction / / by Rui Zhao, Yong Geng

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Singapore : , : Springer Nature Singapore : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2021

ISBN

981-16-2583-2

Edizione

[1st ed. 2021.]

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (194 pages)

Collana

Earth and Environmental Science Series

Disciplina

381.34

Soggetti

Sustainability

Environmental management

Human geography

Environmental economics

Environmental Management

Human Geography

Environmental Economics

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Nota di contenuto

Carbon labeling and its related issues -- Consumers’ behavior towards carbon labeling scheme -- Interaction among stakeholders involved in carbon labeling scheme -- Carbon labeling improvement and its application -- Insights and future study.

Sommario/riassunto

This book focuses on the behavioral interactions among possible stakeholders in carbon labeling practice, brings the attentions of stakeholders’ interests to explore the opportunities, and challenges related to carbon labeling practice, thus to provide insight into low-carbon consumption and production. It is essential reading for



students, researchers, and policy makers as well as those with a wider interest in environmental science and sustainable development.