Modular electricity storage [[electronic resource] ] : benefits and costs / / Brent N. Mendell and Lisa P. Brunwick, editors

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910825724203321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hauppauge, N.Y., : Nova Science Publishers, c2012
• ISBN: 1-61470-533-X
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (123 p.)
• Collana: Energy science, engineering and technology; Electrical engineering developments
• Altri autori (Persone): MendellBrent N; BrunwickLisa P
• Disciplina: 333.793/2
• Soggetti: Energy storage; Modularity (Engineering)
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 108) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- MODULAR ELECTRICITY STORAGE: BENEFITS AND COSTS -- MODULAR ELECTRICITY STORAGE: BENEFITS AND COSTS -- Contents -- Preface -- Electric Utility Transmission and Distribution Upgrade Deferral Benefits from Modular Electricity Storage* -- Notice -- Abstract -- Acknowledgment -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Executive Summary -- 1. Introduction -- Modular Electricity Storage for T&amp -- D Deferral, an Example -- Utility Revenue Requirement for T&amp -- D Equipment -- Capital Plant Carrying Charges -- Expenses -- Annual Revenue Requirement -- T&amp -- D Avoided Cost -- Single-Year Deferral Benefit -- Multi-Year Deferral Benefit -- MES Transportability -- T&amp -- D Upgrade Marginal Cost -- 2. T&amp -- D Deferral Financial Benefit -- Introduction -- Annual Deferral Benefit for MES -- Multi-Year Deferral Benefit for MES -- Diminishing Benefit for Multi-Year Deferrals -- MES Redeployment -- T&amp -- D Equipment Residual Value -- T&amp -- D Annual Cost Among U.S. Electric Utilities -- FERC Form 1 Data: Oak Ridge National Laboratories Report -- Rate Assistance Program Report -- Utility T&amp -- D Deferral Cost Variability -- The Range of T&amp -- D Deferral Benefits -- EPRI/PG&amp -- E Distributed Utility Penetration Study (DUPS) -- 3. Deployment Situations for T&amp -- D -- Deferral Applications Introduction -- Decision Criteria Summary -- High T&amp -- D ; Upgrade Cost -- High Peak-to-Average Demand Ratio -- Modest Projected Overload -- Slow Load Growth -- Uncertainty About Block Load Additions -- Uncertainty About T&amp -- D Construction Delays -- Distribution Budget Optimization -- Benefits Aggregation for Attractive Value Propositions -- 4. Storage Characteristics for T&amp -- D -- Deferral Introduction -- Required Characteristics -- Reliability -- Power Quality -- Wave Form -- High Power Factor -- Frequency Stability -- Harmonics -- Ramp Rate.; Charge Rate -- Other Notable Characteristics -- Roundtrip Efficiency -- Operation and Maintenance Needs and Cost -- Emergency or Short Duration Power Capability -- Lifetime Charge-Discharge Cycles -- Standby Losses -- Energy and Power Density -- Plant Footprint and Volume -- Modularity -- Transportability -- Easily Deployable ("Plug and Play") -- 5. Storage Sizing for T&amp -- D Deferral -- Storage Power Output Requirements -- Storage Discharge Duration Requirements -- Diesel Generation for Storage Backup -- 6. Generalizing the Range of the T&amp -- D -- Deferral Benefit -- 7. Complementary Uses and Benefits -- Introduction to Complementary Uses -- Complementary Uses: General Considerations -- Peak Demand Frequency -- Power Rating -- Stored Energy Limitation -- MES Reliability -- "Perfect" MES Capacity -- Incremental Benefit/Cost Considerations -- Myriad Institutional Challenges -- Reactive Power Capability -- Complementary Uses -- Electric Energy Time-shift -- Electric Supply Capacity -- Electric Supply Reserve Capacity -- Reduce Transmission Congestion -- Transmission Support and Stability -- Power Factor Correction -- Voltage Support -- On-Site Power Quality -- Electricity Service Reliability -- Retail Time-of-Use Energy Cost Reduction -- Renewables Generation Firming -- Renewable Energy Time-Shift -- Demand Management -- Seasonal Deployment for Locational Benefits -- Increased Flexibility -- Flexible Response to Uncertainty -- Evaluating Real Options -- Optimizing Risk-Adjusted Cost -- 8. Conclusions and Research Opportunities -- R&amp -- D Needs and Opportunities -- Standard Practice: Establish Criteria and Identify Next Steps -- Understanding Uncertainty and Risk -- Case Studies -- Enhanced Value Propositions: Best Prospect, -- PV Firming, and Grid Stability -- Terms Used in this Document -- References -- Appendix A. MES Transportability.; Example Details -- Appendix B. Storage for T&amp -- D Deferral - -- Two Case Studies -- Pacificorp Vanadium Redox Batteries -- Situation -- Solution -- Service -- Status -- AEP Sodium/Sulfur Battery Situation -- Solution -- Service -- Status -- Appendix B. References -- Appendix C. Reactance and Power Factor -- End Notes -- Benefit/Cost Framework for Evaluating Modular Energy Storage* -- Notice -- Abstract -- Acknowledgments -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- Conventions Used in this Report -- Executive Summary -- Purpose -- Scope -- Intended Audience -- Key Results and Conclusions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Methodology Description -- Financial Assumptions -- Present Worth Factor -- 3. Value Propositions -- 4. Storage Technology -- Storage Options Evaluated -- Storage Cost and Performance -- 5. Results: Benefit - Cost Comparisons -- Value Proposition 1: Transportable MES for T&amp -- D -- Deferral and Power Quality -- Benefit -- Cost -- Benefit/Cost Results -- Value Proposition 2: Improving Power Quality/Reliability -- Benefit -- Benefit/Cost Results -- Value Proposition 3: T&amp -- D Deferral Plus Energy Price -- Arbitrage and Central Generation Capacity Credit -- T&amp -- D Deferral -- Energy Price Arbitrage -- Central Generation Capacity Credit -- Combined Benefits -- Benefit/Cost Results -- Value Proposition 4: Peak and Critical Peak Electricity Pricing -- Benefit -- ; Benefit/Cost Results -- 6. Conclusions and Recommendations -- Summary Results -- Conclusion -- R&amp -- D Needs and Opportunities -- Terms Used in this Document -- References -- Index.