2.1. Hydrogen and Helium -- 2.2. Lithium and Beryllium -- 2.3. Nitrogen and Oxygen -- 3. STATES OF MATTER AND STATES OF IONIZATION -- 3.1. Melting Points -- 3.2. Boiling Points -- 3.3. Phase Diagrams -- 4. HOW TEMPARATURE DRIVES POPULATIONS OF IONIZATION STATES -- 4.1. Boltzmann Factors -- 4.2. The Planck Black-Body Spectrum -- 4.3. A Mechanism for Driving Macroscopic State Changes -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- A RESPITE FOR READERS -- REFERENCES -- SINGULAR ELEMENTS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. KEYSTONE ELEMENTS -- 2. NOBLE GASSES -- 2.1. Helium -- 2.2. Neon -- 3. HALOGENS -- 3.1. Bromine -- 4. METALS -- 4.1. Mercury -- 4.2. Gallium -- CONCLUSION -- A PROJECT FOR READERS -- REFERENCE -- TYPICAL MOLECULES -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. GENERAL INFORMATION -- 2. DIATOMIC MOLECULES -- 3. TRIATOMIC MOLECULES -- 4. HYDROCARBONS -- 4.1. Methane CH4 -- 4.2. Ethane C2H6 -- 4.3. Propane C3H8 -- 4.4. Butane C4H10 -- 4.5. Pentane C5H12 -- 4.6. Hexane C6H14 -- 4.7. Septane, Octane, and Beyond -- 4.8. A Brief Revisit to Hydrocarbons and States of Matter -- CONCLUSION -- A PROJECT FOR READERS -- IMPORTANT REACTIONS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. HYDROCARBON COMBUSTION -- 2. HYDROCARBON COMBUSTION IN STEPS -- 2.1. Steps in Methane Combustion -- 2.2. Energies from Steps in Methane Combustion -- 2.3. Focus on the First Step of Methane Combustion -- 3. FIRST STEP OF COMBUSTION FOR OTHER HYDROCARBONS -- 3.1. Hexane Combustion, First Step 2 -- 3.2. Septane Combustion, First Step H -- 3.3. Octane Combustion, First Step -- 3.4. Real Combustion, First Step -- 4. FIRST STEP OF COMBUSTION FOR A FUEL MIX -- 5. THE NECESSARY POST SCRIPT TO HYDROCARBON COMBUSTION -- 5.1. Rhodium -- 5.2. Palladium -- 5.3. Platinium -- CONCLUSION -- A PROJECT FOR READERS -- REFERENCES -- CATALYSIS OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS -- ABSTRACT -- INTRODUCTION -- 1. THE EXAMPLE REACTION. |