Il mercato del lavoro fra economia e società / Anna Cortese ; Introduzione di Emilio Reyneri

• Record Nr.: UNISOBSOB005856
• Autore: Cortese, Anna
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Milano, : Franco Angeli, 1987
• Descrizione fisica: 190 p. ; 22 cm
• Collana: Sociologia del lavoro e delle organizzazioni
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Italiano
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia

Ceramic manufacturing techniques and cultural traditions in Nubia from the 8th to the 3rd millennium BC : examples from Sai Island / / Giulia D'Ercole

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910809680703321
• Autore: D'Ercole Giulia
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Oxford : , : Archaeopress Publishing, , [2017]; ©2017
• ISBN: 1-78491-672-2
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (210 pages)
• Collana: Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology ; ; Volume 96
• Disciplina: 572.06242
• Soggetti: Pottery, Ancient - Nubia; Pottery, Ancient - Sudan - Sai Island
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Copyright Information -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- The invention of pottery and the cultural significance of ceramic discovery -- Sai Island in northern Upper Nubia (northern Sudan) -- Methodological approach and ; research questions: style, traditions and change -- Structure of the research -- 1. Nubia and its cultural sequences between the 8th and the 3rd millennium BC: Khartoum Variant, Abkan and Pre-Kerma -- Introduction -- Climate, environmental conditions and human occupation during the Early Holocene along the Nile Valley and in the Egyptian Western Desert -- The Khartoum Variant culture: definition, chronology and settlements -- Khartoum Variant sites in the region of Abka - Wadi Halfa (Lower Nubia) -- Khartoum Variant sites at Sai Island (northern Upper Nubia) -- Climate, environmental conditions and human occupation during the Middle Holocene along the Nile Valley and in the Egyptian Western Desert -- Abkan sites in the region of Abka − Wadi Halfa (Lower Nubia) -- The Abkan culture: definition, chronology and settlements -- Abkan sites at Sai Island (northern Upper Nubia) -- Climate, environmental conditions and human occupation during the Late Holocene along the Nile Valley and in the Egyptian Western Desert -- The Pre-Kerma culture: definition, chronology and settlements -- Pre-Kerma sites at Kerma (Upper Nubia) -- Pre-Kerma sites at Sai Island (northern Upper Nubia) -- Figure 1.1 Is a synopsis of the chronological sequences during the Holocene in the regions of Egypt and Sudan mentioned in the text (figure by G. D'Ercole). -- Figure 1.2 Map of Egypt and Sudan during the Early Holocene (c. 8000−5000 BC) with geographical features and sites cited in the text (figure by G. D'Ercole).; Table 1.1 Radiocarbon dates from Khartoum Variant (KV) and Shamarkian (SHK) sites in the Abka-Wadi Halfa region (Lower Nubia). Calibrations were obtained by the author using OxCal v. 4.2.4 Bronk Ramsey (2013) -- IntCal13 atmospheric curve (Reimer et al. 201 -- Table 1.2 Radiocarbon dates from Khartoum Variant (KV) sites on Sai Island (northern Upper Nubia). Calibrations in Garcea et al. (2016a) based on Riemer et al. (2013). -- Table 1.3 Radiocarbon dates from Early Neolithic (El Nabta/Al Jerar phases) sites in the Nabta-Kiseiba region (Western Desert). When more dates were available, for each period/site is provided the oldest and the youngest date. Calibrations were obtained b -- Table 1.4 Radiocarbon dates from Mesolithic sites in the Kerma region (Upper Nubia). When more dates were available, for each period is provided the oldest and the youngest date. Calibrations in Honegger and Williams (2015) based on Riemer et al. (2013). -- Figure 1.3 Map of Egypt and Sudan during the Middle Holocene (c. 5000−3500 BC) with geographical features and sites cited in the text (figure by G. D'Ercole). -- Table 1.5 Radiocarbon dates from Abkan (ABK) and Post-Shamarkian (Post-SHK) sites in the Abka-Wadi Halfa region (Lower Nubia). When more dates were available, for each site is provided the oldest and the youngest date. Calibrations were obtained by the au -- Table 1.6 Radiocarbon dates from Abkan (ABK) sites on Sai Island (northern Upper Nubia). Calibrations in Garcea et al. (2016a) based on Riemer et al. (2013). -- Table 1.7 Radiocarbon dates from Early Nubian sites in the Laqiya region (Northwest Sudan). When more dates were available, for each site is provided the oldest and the youngest date. Calibrations in Lange and Nordström (2006).; Table 1.8 Radiocarbon dates from Middle and Late Neolithic (El Ghanam, Ru'at El Baqar phases) sites in the Nabta-Kiseiba region (Western Desert). When more dates were available, for each period/site is provided the oldest and the youngest date. Calibratio -- Table 1.9 Radiocarbon dates from Neolithic sites in the Kerma region (Upper Nubia). When more dates were available, for each period is provided the oldest and the youngest date. Calibrations in Honegger and Williams (2015) based on Riemer et al. (2013). -- Figure 1.4 Map of Egypt and Sudan during the Late Holocene (c. 3500−2500 BC) with geographical ; features and sites cited in the text (figure by G. D'Ercole). -- Table 1.10 Radiocarbon dates from Pre-Kerma (PK)/Kerma sites in the Kerma region (Upper Nubia). When more dates were available, for each period is provided the oldest and the youngest date. Calibrations in Honegger and Williams (2015) based on Riemer et a -- Table 1.11 Radiocarbon dates from Pre-Kerma (PK)/Kerma sites on Sai Island (northern Upper Nubia). Calibrations in Hildebrand and Schilling (2016) by OxCal v. 4.2.4 Bronk Ramsey (2013) -- IntCal13 atmospheric curve (Reimer et al. 2013). -- Table 1.12 Radiocarbon dates from A-Groups sites in the Laqiya region (Northwest Sudan). Calibrations in Lange (2003). -- 2. Sai Island: archaeological research and cultural sequence -- Introduction -- Geological setting and paleo-climatic reconstruction -- The archaeological sites on the island -- Selected sites -- Site 8-B-10C -- Site 8-B-76 -- Site 8-B-10A -- Figure 2.1 Geographical location of Sai Island and schematic geological and morphological map of northern Sudan (modified after D'Ercole et al. 2015). -- Figure 2.2 Geological map of Sai Island with the location of the four sites from which it comes the pottery sample (modified after D'Ercole et al. 2015).; Figure 2.3 View of the interior landscape of Sai Island with the profile of the Jebel Abri in the background (photo by G. D'Ercole). -- Figure 2.4 View of the western riverbank of Sai Island with young alluvial sediments and typical riverine vegetation (photo by G. D'Ercole) -- Figure 2.5 Excavation at site 8-B-10C (photo by R. Ceccacci). -- Figure 2.6 Plan of levels 1 (on the left) and 2 (on the right) of site 8-B-10C showing hut floors, features and post holes (modified after Garcea 2011−2012). -- Figure 2.7 Excavation at site 8-B-76 (photo by E. A. A. Garcea). -- Figure 2.8 Estimated extension of site 8-B-52A (on the left) and schematic map (on the right) showing the three silos from which it comes the ceramic sample analysed (map modified after Hildebrand and Shilling 2016). -- Figure 2.9 Site 8-B-52A: detail of a 'two level units' pit with the slab of schist used to seal the opening of the pit (photo by G. D'Ercole). -- Figure 2.10 Excavation at site 8-B-10A (photo by R. Ceccacci). -- 3. Ceramic productions on Sai Island: -- Table 3.1 Distribution of classifiable and unclassifiable sherds according to the sites. -- analysis of the macroscopic data -- Materials and methods -- Site 8-B-10C -- State of preservation -- Preparation: clay processing and addition of non-plastic inclusions -- Production: decoration techniques, implements, elements, motifs and structure of the decoration -- Production: shaping -- Production: surface treatment -- Spatial distribution -- Preparation: clay processing and addition of non-plastic inclusions -- State of preservation -- Production: shaping -- Production: decoration techniques, implements, elements, motifs and the structure of the decoration and surface treatment -- Site 8-B-52A -- State of preservation -- Preparation: clay processing and addition of non-plastic inclusions -- Production: shaping.; Production: decoration techniques, implements, elements, motifs and structure of the decoration -- Production: surface treatment -- Site 8-B-10A -- State of preservation -- Preparation: clay processing and addition of non-plastic components -- Production: shaping -- Production: decoration techniques, implements, elements, motifs and structure of decoration -- Production: surface treatment -- Table 3.2 Stratigraphic distribution of classifiable and unclassifiable sherds from site 8-B-10C. -- Table 3.3 Stratigraphic distribution of types of inclusions from site 8-B-10C. -- Figure 3.1 Angularity of mineral inclusions from site 8-B-10C. -- Table 3.4 Frequency, sphericity and angularity of inclusions from site 8-B-10C. -- Figure 3.2 Distribution of angular and rounded inclusions in relation to the different types of textures form site 8-B-10C. -- Table 3.5 Stratigraphic distribution of ; types of textures from site 8-B-10C. -- Figure 3.3 Distribution of mineral and organic inclusions in relation to the different types of textures from site 8-B-10C. -- Table 3.6 Stratigraphic distribution of body parts of the vessel from site 8-B-10C. -- Figure 3.4 Sherd thicknesses from site 8-B-10C. -- Table 3.7 Stratigraphic distribution of decorated and undecorated sherds from site 8-B-10C. -- Table 3.8 Stratigraphic distribution of decorative techniques from site 8-B-10C. -- Table 3.9 Stratigraphic distribution of tools used for rocker stamping from site 8-B-10C. -- Table 3.10 Stratigraphic distribution of tools and decorative motifs from site 8-B-10C. -- Figure 3.5 Ranges of the lengths of decorative motifs from site 8-B-10C (minimum, maximum and average). -- Figure 3.6 Ranges of the teeth numbers of combs with evenly serrated edges from site 8-B-10C (minimum, maximum and average). -- Figure 3.7 Percentages of burnishing from site 8-B-10C.; Table 3.11 Stratigraphic distribution of decorative structures from site 8-B-10C.
• Sommario/riassunto: This book presents a comprehensive critical analysis of diverse ceramic assemblages from Sai Island, in the Middle Nile Valley of Northern Sudan, on the border between ancient Upper and Lower Nubia. The assemblages included in this study cover about five millennia, spanning the period c. 8000 to c. 2500 BC.

The upside of digital for the Middle East and North Africa : how digital technology adoption can accelerate growth and create jobs

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910824855803321
• Autore: Cusolito Ana Paula
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: , : World Bank Publications, , 2021; ©2021
• ISBN: 1-4648-1664-6
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (99 pages)
• Altri autori (Persone): GévaudanClément; LedermanDaniel; WoodChristina
• Disciplina: 338.0640956
• Soggetti: Economic history; Middle East; Technological innovations--Economic aspects; Africa, North Economic conditions; Africa, North Economic integration
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- About the Authors -- Executive Summary -- Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- References -- 2 The Digital Paradox in the Middle East and North Africa and the Upside of Digital Technologies -- Notes -- References -- 3 Framework for Understanding the Upside of the Digital Economy -- References -- 4 How Digital Technologies Help to Overcome Market Frictions -- Overcoming Frictions due to Information Asymmetries on Ride-Hailing Platforms -- Overcoming Transport Frictions: IT Sector and Mobility Barriers in West Bank -- Tourism Demand: Overcoming Frictions Associated with Geography and Language Barriers -- Notes -- References -- 5 The Upside of Digital: Empirical Framework and Results -- Lower-Bound Estimates of the Upside of the Digital Economy -- Gains in GDP per Capita -- Gains in Revenue Productivity and Employment in Manufacturing -- Gains in Tourism and Hospitality Industry Jobs -- Reductions in Unemployment and Increases in Female Labor Force Participation -- Summary of the Upside Impact of Digital ; Technologies -- Notes -- References -- 6 Three Foundational Pillars of the Digital Economy -- Digital Infrastructure -- Digital Payments -- Regulations for E-commerce -- Notes -- References -- 7 Addressing Challenges and Mitigating Risks -- Liberalization and Competition as Drivers of Mobile Digital Data Technology Adoption -- Competition in the Digital Services Market -- Risk Associated with Digital Social Media -- Data Governance -- Data Privacy in Managing the COVID-19 Pandemic -- Notes -- References -- 8 Summary and Conclusions -- Appendix A: Modeling the Relationship between Digital Payments, Bank Regulation, and Banking System Development -- Appendix B: Benchmark Regressions: Graphs and Statistics -- Appendix C: Description of New Mobile Data Technology Adoption Rankings -- Boxes.; Box 5.1 Empirical Framework for Estimating the Upside of Digital Technologies -- Box 7.1 Four Main Data Governance Paradigms -- Figures -- Figure 2.1 Penetration of Facebook Accounts and Use of Digital Payments, by Region -- Figure 2.2 Correlation between Transparency, Trust, and Use of Digital Payments Worldwide -- Figure 3.1 Framework for Understanding the Interactions between the Development of Digital Infrastructure, Use of Digital Tools, and Societal Trust in Government -- Figure 4.1 Share of Drivers Working Each Week in the Arab Republic of Egypt, by Driver Quality, 2018 -- Figure 4.2 Volume of Orders for Courier or Delivery Services in Jakarta, Indonesia, by Gender of the Driver, 2020 -- Figure 4.3 Change in Demand for Tourism Services, by Determinant -- Figure 5.1 Simulated Schedules for Diffusion of Digital Technology, 2017-50: Linear, Concave, and Logit Functions -- Figure 5.2 The Upside of Digital: Cumulative Gains in GDP per Capita in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2017-45 -- Figure 5.3 Digital Adoption and Export Complementarities: The Issue of Targeting -- Figure 5.4 Cumulative Gains in Revenue Productivity in Formal Manufacturing Enterprises in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa, with Perfect Targeting and with No Targeting -- Figure 5.5 Employment Gains from Website Adoption in the Middle East and North Africa and in ­Sub-Saharan Africa, with Perfect Targeting and with No Targeting -- Figure 5.6 Estimated Gains in Tourist Arrivals due to the Adoption of B2C Tools in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2017-47 -- Figure 5.7 Estimated Gains in Tourism-Related Employment due to B2C Digital Technology Adoption in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2017-47.; Figure 5.8 Decline in Unemployment due to the Diffusion of Digital Payments in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2017-33 -- Figure 5.9 Correlation between Digital Payments and Female Labor Force Participation, 2017 -- Figure 5.10 Potential Increase in Female Labor Force Participation Rates from the Diffusion of Digital Payments in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2017-49 -- Figure 6.1 Benchmarking the Regulatory Framework for E-commerce, by Country Income Level -- Figure 7.1 Mobile Technology Adoption Rankings in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1981-2019 -- Figure 7.2 ICT Regulatory Authority Independence Index in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa and by Country Income Group, 2017 -- Figure 7.3 Share of Liberalized Countries in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-18 -- Figure 7.4 Share of Foreign Participation in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-18 -- Figure B.1 Coverage of Information and Communication Technology Infrastructure in the Middle East and North Africa and Rest of the World, by GDP per Capita, 2019 -- Figure B.2 ; Facebook and Internet Use in the Middle East and North Africa and Rest of the World, by GDP per Capita -- Figure B.3 Digital Payments and Online Purchases in the Middle East and North Africa and Rest of the World, by GDP per Capita -- Figure B.4 Use of Financial Accounts in the Middle East and North Africa and Rest of the World, by GDP per Capita, 2017 -- Figure B.5 Download Speeds in the Middle East and North Africa and Rest of the World, by GDP per Capita, 2019 -- Figure B.6 User Prices of Data in the Middle East and North Africa and Rest of the World, by GDP per Capita, 2019.; Figure C.1 Mobile Technology Adoption Rankings in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa, 1981-2019 -- Figure C.2 ICT Regulatory Authority Independence Index in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa and by Country Income Group, 2017 -- Figure C.3 Share of Liberalized Countries in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-18 -- Figure C.4 Share of Foreign Participation in the Middle East and North Africa and in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-18 -- Tables -- Table 4.1 Change in Industry Shares of GDP in the Presence of Mobility Restrictions in West Bank, 1995-2017 -- Table 4.2 Simulated Change in GDP in the Presence of Mobility Restrictions -- Table 7.1 Technology Adoption, Liberalization, and Regulatory Independence -- Table 7.2 Data Stewardship in a Data Governance Framework -- Table 7.3 Regulation on Data Privacy in the Middle East and North Africa -- Table A.1 Relationships between Banking Restrictions, Financial Development, and Digital Payments -- Table A.2 Description of Variables -- Table B.1 ICT Infrastructure Coverage -- Table B.2 ICT Adoption-Digital Finance -- Table B.3 ICT Adoption-Enterprises and E-commerce -- Table B.4 ICT Enablers-E-Government Development Index Subindexes -- Table B.5 ICT Enablers-Quality of Institutions.
• Sommario/riassunto: The argument that digitalization fosters economic activity has been strengthened by the global COVID-19 pandemic. Because digital technologies are general-purpose technologies that are usable across a wide variety of economic activities, the gains from achieving universal coverage of digital services are likely to be large and shared throughout each economy. However, the Middle East and North Africa region suffers from a "digital paradox†?: the region's population uses social media more than expected for its level of gross domestic product (GDP) per capita but uses the internet or other digital tools to make payments less than expected. The Upside of Digital for the Middle East and North Africa: How Digital Technology Adoption Can Accelerate Growth and Create Jobs presents evidence that the socioeconomic gains of digitalizing the economies of the region are huge: GDP per capita could rise by more than 40 percent; manufacturing revenue per unit of factors of production could increase by 37 percent; employment in manufacturing could rise by 7 percent; tourist arrivals could rise by 70 percent, creating jobs in the hospitality sector; long-term unemployment rates could fall to negligible levels; and female labor force participation could double to more than 40 percent. To reap these gains, universal access to digital services is crucial, as is their widespread use for economic purposes. The book explores how fast the region could approach universal coverage, whether targeting the rollout of digital infrastructure services makes a difference, and what is needed to increase the use of digital payment tools. The authors find that targeting underserved populations and areas can accelerate the achievement of universal access, while fostering competition and improving the functioning of financial and telecommunications sectors can encourage the adoption of digital technologies. In addition, building societal trust in the government and in related institutions ; such as banks and financial services is critical for fostering the increased use of digital payment tools.