Leishmania : current biology and control / / edited by Subrata Adak and Rupak Datta

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910821526603321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Norfolk, England : , : Caister Academic Press, , [2015]; ©2015
• ISBN: 1-908230-53-3
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (258 p.)
• Disciplina: 593.18
• Soggetti: Leishmania
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Contents; Contributors; Current Books of Interest; Preface; 1: Modulation of Host Cell miRNA Expression During Leishmania Infection and Emergence of miRNA as a New Therapeutic Molecule; miRNA-mediated gene regulation in metazoan animals; miRNA as regulator of cholesterol metabolism in mammals; Cholesterol regulates pathogenesis of Leishmania donovani; Leishmania-mediated changes in cholesterol production in mammals; miRNA expression affected by parasite; Mechanism of miRNA alteration by Leishmania; Factors important for host cell miRNA alteration during infection; miRNA as therapeutic agent; Future of miRNA as a therapeutic agent against visceral leishmaniasis2: Heat Shock Proteins of Leishmania: Chaperones in the Driver's Seat; Introduction: heat shock proteins; Heat shock proteins in Leishmania spp.; Leishmania and the cell stress; The pitfalls of analogy-based assumptions; The chaperone machinery and signal transduction in Leishmania; Open questions; Future trends; Acknowledgements; 3: Role of Iron in Leishmania-Macrophage Interaction; Introduction; Aqueous chemistry and toxicity of iron; Role of iron in physiology; Role of iron in the host-parasite interaction; Special need of iron for LeishmaniaMammalian iron homeostasis components important for sequestering iron; Regulation of cellular iron metabolism of mammalian host; Source of host iron and its acquisition systems in Leishmania; Summary and future aspects; 4: Oxidative and ; Nitrosative Stress Response in Leishmania; Introduction; Sources of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in Leishmania; Targets of reactive oxygen species in Leishmania; Defence against reactive oxygen species; Nitrosative stress in Leishmania; Generation of reactive nitrogen species; Targets of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in LeishmaniaCellular defences against nitrosative stress in Leishmania; Conclusion; Future perspectives; 5: Cell Death in a Kinetoplastid Parasite, the Leishmania spp.; Introduction; Life cycle of Leishmania spp.; Treatment of leishmaniasis; Programmed cell death (PCD); Programmed cell death in protozoan parasites; Relevance of studying cell death in Leishmania; Apoptosis in Leishmania; Natural cell death during cell cycle; Induction of cell death by anti-leishmanial drugs; Oxidative stress induced cell death; Role of apoptotic mimicry and apoptosis in LeishmaniaAutophagy in Leishmania; Future trends; Conclusion; 6: Elucidating the Strategies of Immune Evasion by Leishmania; Introduction; Defying recognition by the host: modulation of Toll-like receptor-mediated signalling; Deactivation of host signalling: mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases and phosphatases; Disarming the enemy: inhibition of host microbicidal molecules; Delaying phagosome maturation: buying time for promastigote to amastigote conversion; Creating a favourable environment: polarization of Th (T-helper cell) response; Suppression of antigen presentation: escaping cytotoxic T-cell response
• Sommario/riassunto: Every year, with an estimated 1.3 million new cases and more than 20,000 deaths, Leishmaniasis continues to be a menace in countries across the globe. With the absence of an anti-Leishmania vaccine - along with the toxicity of current anti-parasite drugs and coupled with the rapid emergence of drug resistant Leishmania strains - there remains significant challenges for disease control. This has spurred a plethora of research initiatives into parasite biology, parasite-host interaction, mechanisms of disease pathogenesis, drug development, and the molecular mechanism of drug resistance. Insight

The philosophy of generative linguistics / / Peter Ludlow

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910966791503321
• Autore: Ludlow Peter <1957->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Oxford ; ; New York, : Oxford University Press, 2011
• ISBN: 9780191662690; 0191662690; 9780191725432; 0191725439; 9780199674473; 0199674477; 9781299201873; 1299201873
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: xxiii, 220 p. : ill
• Disciplina: 415.0182
• Soggetti: Generative grammar - Philosophy
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- List of Abbreviations -- Introduction -- 1. Linguistic Preliminaries -- 1.1 Transformational Grammar from ST to EST -- 1.2 Government and Binding Theory -- 1.3 The Principles and Parameters Framework -- 1.4 The Minimalist Program -- 2. The Ontology of Generative Linguistics -- 2.1 E-Language, I-Language, &amp -- #936 -- -Language -- 2.2 Having Linguistic Rules and Knowing Linguistic Facts -- 2.3 Levels of Explanation in the Theory of Grammar -- 2.4 Abstracta and Non-isomorphic Representation -- 2.5 Types and Tokens -- 2.6 Derivation vs. Representation -- 3. Data, Intuitions, Judgments -- 3.1 Linguistic Phenomena, Linguistic Data, Linguistic Theory -- 3.2 Linguistic Intuitions are Linguistic Judgments -- 3.3 Linguistic Judgments are Reliable (enough) -- 3.4 Linguistic Judgments as Scientific Experiments -- 3.5 On the Alleged Priority of the Data -- 4. A Role for Normative Rule Governance? -- 5. Worries about Rules and Representations -- 5.1 Quinean Indeterminacy Arguments -- 5.2 Kripke/Wittgenstein Concerns about Rules -- 5.3 Externalism about Syntax? -- 6. ; Referential Semantics for Narrow &amp -- #936 -- -Languages -- 6.1 The Compatibility of Referential Semantics and Narrow &amp -- #936 -- -Languages -- 6.2 Chomsky's Incompatibilist Arguments -- 6.3 The "Bite the Bullet" Strategy and Chomsky's Response -- 6.4 The Compatibilist Bites Back -- 6.5 The Prospects for a Non-referential Semantics -- 7. Best Theory Criteria and Methodological Minimalism -- 7.1 Simplicity Criteria -- 7.2 Formal Rigor -- 7.3 Minimal Effort and Optimal Switching Points -- Appendix: Interview with Noam Chomsky -- Bibliography -- Index of Names -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Z -- Index of Terms -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J.; K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- X.
• Sommario/riassunto: Peter Ludlow presents the first book on the philosophy of generative linguistics. He explains the motivation of the generative framework, describes its mechanisms, and addresses issues of broad philosophical interest, for instance the ontology of linguistics, the nature of data, language/world relations, and best theory criteria.