Traditions of theology : study in hellenistic theology, its background and aftermath / edited by Dorothea Frede and André Laks

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910764701303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Leiden ; Boston ; Koln, : Brill, 2002
• ISBN: 9789004122642
• Descrizione fisica: XIV, 345 p. ; 23 cm
• Collana: Philosophia antiqua : a series of studies on ancient philosophy ; 89
• Locazione: FLFBC
• Collocazione: 180 FRED 01
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia

The last crusade in the West : Castile and the conquest of Granada / / Joseph F. O'Callaghan

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910820210703321
• Autore: O'Callaghan Joseph F.
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Philadelphia : , : University of Pennsylvania Press, , [2014]; ©2014
• ISBN: 0-8122-0935-4
• Edizione: [First edition.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (380 p.)
• Collana: Middle Ages series
• Disciplina: 946/.03
• Soggetti: Muslims - Spain - History; Christians - Spain - History; Spain History 711-1516; Spain History, Military
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Front matter -- Contents -- A Note on Money -- Genealogical Tables -- Introduction: Castile and the Emirate of Granada -- Chapter 1. Pedro I: An Era of Ambivalence -- Chapter 2. The Early Trastámaras: An Era of Peace -- Chapter 3. The Crusades of Antequera and Ceuta -- Chapter 4. The Failed Crusades of Juan II -- Chapter 5. The Intermittent Crusades of Enrique IV -- Chapter 6. Fernando and Isabel’s Crusade: From Alhama to Málaga -- Chapter 7. The End of the Crusade: From Baza to Granada -- Chapter 8. The Frontier in Peace and War -- Chapter 9. A War of Religions -- Abbreviations -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- Acknowledgments
• Sommario/riassunto: By the middle of the fourteenth century, Christian control of the Iberian Peninsula extended to the borders of the emirate of Granada, whose Muslim rulers acknowledged Castilian suzerainty. No longer threatened by Moroccan incursions, the kings of Castile were diverted from completing the Reconquest by civil war and conflicts with neighboring Christian kings. Mindful, however, of their traditional goal of recovering lands formerly ruled by the Visigoths, whose heirs they claimed to be, the Castilian monarchs continued intermittently to assault Granada until the late fifteenth century. Matters changed thereafter, when Fernando and Isabel launched a decade-long effort to subjugate Granada. Utilizing artillery and expending vast sums of money, they methodically conquered each Naṣrid stronghold until the capitulation of the city of Granada itself in 1492. Effective military and naval organization and access to a diversity of financial resources, joined with papal crusading benefits, facilitated the final conquest. Throughout, the Naṣrids had emphasized the urgency of a jihād waged against the Christian infidels, while the Castilians affirmed that the expulsion of the "enemies of our Catholic faith" was a necessary, just, and holy cause. The fundamentally religious character of this last stage of conflict cannot be doubted, Joseph F. O'Callaghan argues.

Electrochemically Active Microorganisms

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910346735103321
• Autore: Haoyi Cheng
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Frontiers Media SA, 2018
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (218 p.)
• Collana: Frontiers Research Topics
• Soggetti: Microbiology (non-medical)
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Sommario/riassunto: Microbial electrochemical systems (MESs, also known as bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are promising technologies for energy and products recovery coupled with wastewater treatment, and have attracted increasing attention. Many studies have been conducted to expand the application of MESs for contaminants degradation and bioremediation, and increase the efficiency of electricity production by optimizing architectural structure of MESs, developing new electrode materials, etc. However, one of the big challenges for researchers to overcome, before MESs can be used commercially, is to improve the performance of the biofilm on electrodes so that 'electron transfer' can be enhanced. This would lead to greater production of electricity, energy or other products. Electrochemically active microorganisms (EAMs) are a group of microorganisms which are able to release electrons from inside their cells to an electrode or accept electrons from an electron donor. The way in which EAMs do this is called 'extracellular electron transfer' (EET). So far, two EET mechanisms have been identified: direct electron transfer from microorganisms physically attached to an electrode, and indirect electron transfer from microorganisms that are not physically attached to an electrode. 1) Direct electron transfer between microorganisms and electrode can occur in two ways: a) when there is physical contact between outer membrane structures of the microbial cell and the surface of the electrode, b) when electrons are transferred between the ; microorganism and the electrode through tiny projections (called pili or nanowires) that extend from the outer membrane of the microorganism and attach themselves to the electrode. 2) Indirect transfer of electrons from the microorganisms to an electrode occurs via long-range electron shuttle compounds that may be naturally present (in wastewater, for example), or may be produced by the microorganisms themselves. The electrochemically active biofilm, which degrades contaminants and produces electricity in MESs, consists of diverse community of EAMs and other microorganisms. However, up to date only a few EAMs have been identified, and most studies on EET have focused on the two model species of Shewanella oneidensis and Geobacter sulfurreducens.