1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910461847003321

Autore

Zhang Fan <1982->

Titolo

Belarus heat tariff reform and social impact mitigation / / Fan Zhang and Denzel Hankinson

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Washington, DC : , : World Bank Group, , [2015]

©2015

ISBN

1-4648-0697-7

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (91 p.)

Collana

A World Bank study

Soggetti

Tariff - Belarus

Heating - Government policy - Belarus

Subsidies - Belarus

Electronic books.

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references.

Nota di contenuto

Front Cover ; Contents; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Executive Summary; Chapter 1 What Are the Government's Plans for the Sector?; Sector Plans; Notes; Chapter 2 Why Is Tariff Reform Necessary?; Tariff Reform; Notes; Chapter 3 What Is the Likely Impact of Tariff Reform?; Impact of the Reform; Chapter 4 How Can Tariff Reform Be Best Implemented?; Implementation of the Reform; Appendix A Overview of the District Heating Sector in Belarus; Introduction; Demand and Supply Characteristics; Service Providers; Policy and Regulation; Tariff and Subsidies in the District Heating Sector; Notes

Appendix B The Distributional Impact of Tariff Reform on Households and IndustriesIntroduction; Household Energy Expenditure Patterns; Distributional Impact of District Heating Tariff Increase; Cross-Subsidization and Industrial Competitiveness; Appendix C Methodologies of Focus Group Discussions and In-Depth Interviews; Introduction; Focus Group Discussions; In-Depth Interviews; The Localities Chosen for Focus Group Discussions and In-Depth Interviews; Appendix D Communicating Heating Tariff Reform to Household Lessons and Experience from Eastern European Countries and Russia; Poland



HungaryEstonia; Bulgaria; Russia; References; Figures ; 2.1 Declining Cost-Recovery Levels of Residential Heat Service, 2005-12; 2.2 Import Prices of Russian Natural Gas, 2005-12; 2.3 Comparison of Tariffs and Production Costs of ZhKHs and Belenergo, 2005-12; 2.4 Industrial Electricity Tariffs, 2005-14; 2.5 Cross- and Direct Budgetary Subsidies to Residential District Heating, 2005-12; 2.6 Unit Energy Cost of Manufacturing, by Country; 2.7 Output Price Increases from Imposing Implicit Electricity Tax on Industrial Consumers; 2.8 Expenditure Shares, by Consumption Category and Income Decile

2.9 Extra Expenditures from Imposing Implicit Tax on Industrial Consumers2.10 Distribution of Heat Subsidies; 3.1 Financial Burden of District Heating on Households after Tariff Increases; 3.2 Budget Share of District Heating Expenditure under Uniform Pricing Regime; 3.3 Budget Share of District Heating Expenditure under Differentiated Pricing Regime; 3.4 Impacts of Tariff Increases during Q1 through Q4; 3.5 Common Coping Strategies in Response to Tariff Increases; 3.6 Fiscal Savings Generated from Different Tariff Increase Scenarios, 2015, 2017, and 2020; 3.7 Share of Export in Total Output

4.1 Substantial Variaton of Heat Production Cost among Oblasts4.2 Distribution of Housing Stocks, by Heat Consumption, 1995-2012; 4.3 Heat and Hot Water Consumption, by Building Type; 4.4 Recommended Road Map for Implementing Reforms, 2015, 2017, and 2020; A.1 Heat Production, by Source, 2007-11; A.2 Organization of Belenergo; A.3 Responsibilities for Policy and Regulation in the District Heating Sector; A.4 Cost of Production, Cost-Recovery Levels, and Residential Tariffs of the District Heating Sector, 2005-12; A.5 Rising Costs of Natural Gas Imports, 2005-12

A.6 Fiscal Cost of District Heating Subsidies, 2005-12



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910819928503321

Titolo

Temperature and plant development / / edited by Keara A. Franklin, Philip A. Wigge ; cover design by Matt Kuhns

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Ames, Iowa : , : Wiley-Blackwell, , 2014

©2014

ISBN

1-118-30821-2

1-118-30824-7

1-118-30822-0

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (250 p.)

Altri autori (Persone)

FranklinKeara A

WiggePhilip A

KuhnsMatt

Disciplina

581.3

Soggetti

Plants - Effect of temperature on

Plants - Development

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.

Sommario/riassunto

Plants are incredibly sensitive to changes in temperature. Changes of a single degree or two in ambient temperature can impact plant architecture, developmental processes, immune response, and plant reproduction. Temperature and Plant Development thoroughly explores plant molecular responses to changes in temperature with aim to understanding how plants perceive, integrate, and respond to temperature signals.Temperature and Plant Development explores the diverse molecular responses that plants exhibit as they face changing temperatures. Temperature-related changes and adapta