The ethics police? : the struggle to make human research safe / / Robert L. Klitzman

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910818956103321
• Autore: Klitzman Robert
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, New York : , : Oxford University Press, , 2015; ©2015
• ISBN: 0-19-936462-1; 0-19-936461-3
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (433 p.)
• Disciplina: 174.2/8
• Soggetti: Human experimentation in medicine - Moral and ethical aspects - United States; Research - Moral and ethical aspects - United States; Ethics Committees, Research - United States; Government Regulation - United States
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Includes index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Series; The Ethics Police?; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Part I Introduction; Chapter 1. Protecting the People We Experiment On; Part II Who IRBs Are; Chapter 2. "Inside the Black Box": Becoming and Being IRB Members; Part III What IRBs Do: The Contents of IRB Decisions; Chapter 3. Weighing Risks and Benefits, and Undue Inducement; Chapter 4. Defining Research and How Good It Needs to Be; Chapter 5. What to Tell Subjects: Battles over Consent Forms; Chapter 6. From "Nitpicky" to "User-Friendly": Inter-IRB Variations and Their Causes; Part IV IRBs vs. Institutions: The Contexts of DecisionsChapter 7. Federal Agencies vs. Local IRBs; Chapter 8. The Roles of Industry; Chapter 9. The Local Ecologies of Institutions; Part V IRBs vs. Researchers; Chapter 10. Trusting vs. Policing Researchers; Chapter 11. Bad Behavior: Research Integrity; Chapter 12. Researchers Abroad: Studies in the Developing World; Part VI The Future; Chapter 13. Changing National Policies; Chapter 14. Conclusions: Other Changes; Appendices; Appendix A Additional Methodological Information; Appendix B Sample Semistructured Interview Questions; Appendix C AcronymsSources; Acknowledgments; Notes; Index
• Sommario/riassunto: Research on human beings saves countless lives, but has at times harmed the participants. To what degree then should government regulate science, and how? The horrors of Nazi concentration camp experiments and the egregious Tuskegee syphilis study led the US government, in 1974, to establish Research Ethics Committees, known as Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) to oversee research on humans. The US now has over 4,000 IRBs, which examine yearly tens of billions of dollars of research -- all studies on people involving diseases, from cancer to autism, and behavior. Yet ethical violations persis