Dietary reference intakes : a risk assessment model for establishing upper intake levels for nutrients / / Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910817713403321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1998
• ISBN: 0-309-17323-X; 1-280-18613-5; 9786610186136; 0-309-57080-8; 0-585-05769-9
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (x, 71 pages) : illustrations
• Collana: Compass series
• Disciplina: 613.2
• Soggetti: Diet; Nutrition
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Dietary Reference Intakes: A Risk Assessment Model for Establishing Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients -- Copyright -- Contents -- Dietary Reference Intakes: A Risk Assessment Model for Establishing Upper Intake Levels for Nutrients -- INTRODUCTION -- WHAT ARE DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES? -- Recommended Dietary Allowance -- Process for Setting the RDA -- Adequate Intake -- Tolerable Upper Intake Level -- APPROACH FOR SETTING DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES, INCLUDING TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS -- Terminology -- Concept -- MODEL FOR THE DERIVATION OF TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVELS -- RISK ASSESSMENT AND FOOD SAFETY -- Basic Concepts -- Steps in the Risk Assessment Process -- Thresholds -- APPLICATION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL TO NUTRIENTS -- Special Problems Associated with Substances Required for Human Nutrition -- Consideration of Variability in Sensitivity -- Bioavailability -- Nutrient-Nutrient Interactions -- Other Relevant Factors Affecting Bioavailability of Nutrients -- STEPS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL -- Step 1. Hazard Identification -- Step 2. Dose-; Response Assessment -- Data Selection -- Identification of NOAEL (or LOAEL) and Critical Endpoint -- Uncertainty Assessment -- Characterization of the Estimate and Special Considerations -- DERIVATION OF ULS: SUMMARY OF PROGRESS TO DATE -- Derivation of UFs -- Derivation of a UL -- Derivation of a UL for Other Groups -- References -- Appendix A Recommended Dietary Intakes for Individuals -- Appendix B Options for Dealing with Uncertainties -- References -- Appendix C Reference Heights and Weights for Children and Adults -- Appendix D Case Studies of Application of Risk Assessment Model for Nutrients -- A. Calcium -- Hazard Identification -- Nephrolithiasis -- Hypercalcemia and Renal Insufficiency (Milk-Alkali Syndrome) -- Calcium/Mineral Interactions.; Dose-Response Assessment -- Adults: Ages 19 through 70 Years -- Infants: Ages 0 through 12 Months -- Toddlers, Children, and Adolescents: Ages 1 through 18 years -- Older Adults: Ages &gt -- 70 Years -- Pregnancy and Lactation -- Special Considerations -- Exposure Assessment -- Risk Characterization -- References -- B. Folate -- Hazard Identification -- Adverse Effects -- Summary -- Dose-Response Assessment -- Adults -- Folate UL Summary, Adults -- Other Life Stage Groups -- Special Considerations -- Intake Assessment -- Risk Characterization -- References -- C. Riboflavin -- Hazard Identification -- Dose-Response Assessment -- Special Considerations -- Intake Assessment -- Risk Characterization -- References -- Appendix E Biographical Sketches of Subcommittee on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients -- FNB Staff.