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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910817055903321 |
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Titolo |
Crystallization : basic concepts and industrial applications / / edited by Wolfgang Beckmann |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Weinheim, : Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013 |
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ISBN |
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3-527-65032-6 |
1-299-15731-9 |
3-527-65035-0 |
3-527-65034-2 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (362 p.) |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Crystallization: Basic Concepts and Industrial Applications; Contents; List of Contributors; 1 Crystallization: Introduction; 2 Mechanisms of Crystallization; 2.1 Crystal Lattice; 2.1.1 Arrangement of Building Blocks and Symmetries; 2.1.2 Unit Cell; 2.1.3 Miller Indices to Describe Crystal Faces; 2.1.4 Lattice Defects; 2.1.5 Equilibrium, Growth, and Dissolution Form of Crystals; 2.1.6 Morphology and Habit; 2.2 Nucleation of Crystals; 2.2.1 Mechanism of Primary Nucleation; 2.2.2 Metastable Zone and Induction Time for Nucleation; 2.2.3 Form Crystallized: Ostwald's Law of Stages |
2.3 Growth and Growth Rate of Crystals2.3.1 Kink Position and F, S, and K Faces; 2.3.2 Growth of Ideal Crystals; 2.3.3 Growth of Real Crystals; 2.3.4 Transport Phenomena; Further Reading; 3 Solubility and Solution Equilibria in Crystallization; 3.1 Phase Equilibria and Phase Diagrams: General Issues; 3.1.1 Phases, Phase Rule, and Binary Systems; 3.1.2 Melt and Solution Equilibria; 3.1.3 Thermodynamic Description of SLE: Liquidus Curve in the Phase Diagram; 3.1.4 Phase Diagrams of Ternary and Quaternary Systems; 3.2 Melt Phase Diagrams; 3.2.1 Types of Phase Diagrams and Their Occurrence |
3.2.2 Measurement of Melt Phase Diagrams3.2.2.1 Methods; 3.2.2.2 DSC and How to Measure and Interpret DSC Data; 3.2.3 Example of a Diastereomeric System; 3.3 Solution Equilibria; 3.3.1 Solubility and |
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Concentration Units; 3.3.2 Solubility Curves of Inorganic and Organic Substances; 3.3.2.1 Inorganic Substances; 3.3.2.2 Organic Substances; 3.3.3 Solvates, Polymorphs, and Cocrystals; 3.3.4 Influence of Solvents and Impurities; 3.3.5 Measurement of Solubilities and Corroboration; 3.3.5.1 Ensuring Equilibrium Conditions; 3.3.5.2 Excess Method as a Classical Isothermal Method |
3.3.5.3 Polythermal Measurements3.3.5.4 Prediction and Correlation of Solubilities; 3.3.6 Oiling-Out; 3.3.7 Ternary Solution Equilibria: Case of Enantiomers; 3.3.8 Quaternary Systems: Case of Reciprocal Salt Pairs; References; 4 Agglomeration during Crystallization; 4.1 Mechanisms and Kinetics of Agglomeration; 4.1.1 Process of Agglomeration; 4.1.2 Kinetics of Agglomeration; 4.2 Parameters Influencing Agglomeration; 4.3 Agglomeration during Crystallization; 4.3.1 Agglomeration during Crystallization; 4.3.2 Spherical Agglomeration; 4.4 Mechanical Properties of Agglomerates; References |
5 Polymorphism of Crystalline Systems5.1 Introduction and Definitions; 5.2 Occurrence and Properties of Polymorphs and Solvates; 5.3 Thermodynamics of Polymorphs of Solid-State Forms; 5.3.1 Basics; 5.3.2 Energy-Temperature Diagrams; 5.3.3 Rules to Predict Thermodynamic Relationships; 5.4 Thermodynamics of Hydrates; 5.5 Experimental Techniques to Elucidate Thermodynamics; 5.5.1 DSC jVII; 5.5.2 Suspension Equilibration; 5.5.3 Solubility Measurements; 5.5.4 Other Methods; 5.6 Formation of Various Polymorphs and Solid-State Forms-Polymorph Screens; 5.6.1 Principles |
5.6.2 Crystallization Methods and Choice of Solvent |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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With its content stemming from tried and tested course notes, this book draws on the expertise from authors based at leading pharmaceutical companies such as Bayer, AstraZeneca and Novartis, as well as leading academic institutions. As such, it represents the perfect blend of theoretical background and application-oriented discussions, including the latest research developments and industrial examples.In the first section, the basic mechanisms are introduced, ensuring an understanding of supersaturation. In addition, the solubility of the substance and its dependences on process conditions |
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