Standards, conformity assessment, and trade into the 21st century / / International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee, Board on Science, Technology, and Economic Policy, National Research Council

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910816711903321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1995
• ISBN: 0-309-58788-3; 0-585-02341-7
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (252 pages)
• Disciplina: 658.5/62/021873
• Soggetti: Quality control - Standards - United States; Manufactures - Quality control - Standards - United States
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-228) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade -- Copyright -- Preface -- Contents -- Executive Summary -- CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT -- STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT -- INTERNATIONAL TRADE -- ADDRESSING FUTURE CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES -- NOTE -- 1 Introduction -- FUNCTIONS OF STANDARDS -- Commercial Communication -- Technology Diffusion -- Productive Efficiency -- Enhanced Competition -- Compatibility -- Process Management -- Public Welfare -- CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT -- STANDARDS, CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT, AND PUBLIC POLICY -- Assessing the U.S. System -- Public Welfare -- U. S. International Trade Policy -- NOTES -- 2 Standards Development -- SCOPE OF THE U.S. SYSTEM -- PRIVATE-SECTOR STANDARDS -- Economic Rationale for Consensus Standardization -- Voluntary Consensus Standardization Processes -- Standards-Developing Organizations -- American National Standards Institute -- INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT -- GOVERNMENT ROLE IN STANDARDIZATION -- National Institute of Standards and Technology -- Federal Use of Voluntary Consensus Standards -- Public-Private Cooperation -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- 3 Conformity Assessment -- CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT SYSTEM FRAMEWORK -- TESTING AND CERTIFICATION -- Product Testing -- ; Product Certification -- Private and Public Certification Programs in the United States -- QUALITY SYSTEM REGISTRATION -- ACCREDITATION AND RECOGNITION -- Accreditation Services -- Costs of Redundancy in U.S. Accreditation -- Government Recognition of Accreditation Services -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- 4 International Trade -- STANDARDS, TRADE, AND U.S. ECONOMIC PROGRESS -- Standards and the Economic Benefits of Trade Expansion -- Cost of Protection: Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade -- Barriers to Trade in Key U.S. Export Markets -- MULTILATERAL TRADING SYSTEM: THE URUGUAY ROUND -- Membership and Expansion of Scope.; Coverage of Conformity Assessment -- Extension of Coverage to Nongovernmental Organizations -- Dispute Settlement -- U.S. TRADE POLICY AND SECTION 301 -- Overview of U.S. Trade Policy Formation and Implementation -- Private-Sector Advisory Mechanisms -- Removing Standards-Related Trade Barriers: Section 301 -- MUTUAL RECOGNITION AGREEMENTS -- Background: Product Approval in the European Union -- U.S.-European Union MRA Negotiations -- Mutual Recognition Agreements: APEC -- U.S. EXPORT PROMOTION -- U.S. Export Promotion Policy -- Case Example: Emerging Standards and Conformity Assessment Systems in Indonesia -- A Model for Standards Assistance Activities -- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- NOTES -- 5 Recommendations to Address Future Challenges and Opportunities -- CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT -- STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT -- INTERNATIONAL TRADE -- MEETING FUTURE CHALLENGES -- NOTES -- Appendixes -- Appendix A New Developments in International Standards and Global Trade: A Conference Summary -- The Post-Uruguay Round Trade Outlook: Economic Benefits Of International Trade -- The Post-Uruguay Round Trade Outlook: Standards And Technical Barriers To Trade -- Standards And Technical Barriers To Trade: The European And Gatt Approaches -- National Standards And Conformity Assessment Systems In Overseas Markets: A U.S. Perspective -- National Standards And Conformity Assessment Systems In Overseas Markets: A European Perspective -- The Administration's Defense Acquisition Reform Policies -- The U.S. Government Role In Standards And Conformity Assessment -- A Government Agency Perspective -- A Private-Sector Perspective -- Industry-Government Cooperation in Regulation and International Standards -- Comments and Concerns -- Sectoral Case Studies: Telecommunications And Information Technology -- Telecommunications -- Information Technology.; New Developments In International Standards And Global Trade -- Participants List -- Appendix B Legislative Request for the Study: Public Law 102-245 -- Appendix C Biographical Information on Committee and Staff -- Committee Members -- Professional Staff -- Appendix DGlossary and Acronyms -- Glossary -- Acronyms -- Appendix E Selected Bibliography -- Index.