Pesticide risk assessment for pollinators / / edited by David Fischer, Thomas Moriarty

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910816423003321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Ames, Iowa : , : Wiley-Blackwell, , 2014; ©2014
• ISBN: 1-118-85269-9; 1-118-85240-0; 1-118-85250-8
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (260 p.)
• Disciplina: 638/.159
• Soggetti: Bees - Effect of pesticides on; Honeybee - Effect of pesticides on; Bees - Health; Pesticides - Environmental aspects; Pesticides and wildlife
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators; Contents; List of Figures; List of Tables; Acknowledgments; About the Editors; Workshop Participants; Pellston Workshop Series; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Workshop Balance and Composition; 2 Overview of the Honey Bee; 2.1 Overview of Honey Bee Biology; 3 Overview of Non-Apis Bees; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Non-Apis Bee Biology and Diversity; 3.2.1 Generalist and Specialist Foragers; 3.2.2 Social and Solitary Behavior; 3.2.3 Status of Toxicity Testing for Non-Apis Bees; 3.3 Opportunities for Non-Apis Bees to Inform Pollinator Risk Assessment; 3.4 Conclusions; References4 Overview of Protection Goals forPollinators; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Elements and Proposed Protection Goals; 4.3 Linking Protection Goals with Assessment Endpoints; 4.4 Protection Goals and Monitoring; 4.5 Conclusion; Reference; 5 Overview of the Pesticide Risk Assessment and the Regulatory Process; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Current Approach for Assessing Effects of Pesticide Products to Pollinators; ; 5.2.1 Risk Assessment for Systemic Compounds; 5.2.2 Trigger Criterion and Levels of Concern; References; 6 Problem Formulation for an Assessment of Risk to Honey Bees from Applications of Plant Protection Products to Agricultural Crops6.1 What Is Problem Formulation?; 6.1.1 Selecting Assessment Endpoints; 6.1.2 Ecological Relevance; 6.1.3 Susceptibility to Known or Potential Stressors; 6.1.4 Defining and Relation of Assessment Endpoints to Protection Goals; 6.1.5 Conceptual Models; 6.2 Case 1: Problem Formulation for a Systemic Chemical Applied to the Soil, or as a Seed-Dressing; 6.2.1 Stressor Description; 6.2.2 Protection Goals; 6.2.3 Assessment Endpoints; 6.2.4 Conceptual Model; 6.2.5 Analysis Plan6.2.6 Data Needs for Exposure Characterization; 6.2.7 Data Needs for Effects Characterization; 6.2.8 Risk Characterization Approach; 6.3 Case 2: Problem Formulation for a Contact Chemical Applied asaFoliar Spray; 6.3.1 Stressor Description; 6.3.2 Management Goals; 6.3.3 Assessment Endpoints; 6.3.4 Conceptual Model; 6.3.5 Analysis Plan; 6.3.6 Screening Assessment; 6.3.7 Data Needs for Refined Exposure Characterization; 6.3.8 Data Needs for Effects Characterization; 6.3.9 Risk Characterization Approach; References; 7 Assessing Exposure of Pesticidesto Bees; 7.1 Introduction; 7.1.1 Potential Exposure to Foraging Bees7.1.2 Potential Exposure to Non-foraging Bees From Beeswax; 7.1.3 Residue Movement Through the Hive; 7.2 Potential Routes of Exposure for Non-Apis Bees; 7.2.1 Nesting Sites and Nesting Materials for Non-Apis Species; 7.3 Methods and Models for Estimating Exposure of Bees to Pesticides; 7.3.1 Screening Level Exposure Estimates; 7.4 Physical and Chemical Properties of Pesticide Active Ingredients Which Affect Exposure; 7.5 Information Needed to Develop Refined Predictive Exposure Models; 7.6 Predicted Contact Exposure for Foliar-Applied Products; 7.7 Predicted Dietary Exposure for Foliar-Applied Products
• Sommario/riassunto: Pollinators play a vital role in ecosystem health and are essential to ensuring food security. With declines in both managed and wild pollinator populations in recent years, scientists and regulators have sought answers to this problem and have explored implementing steps to protect pollinator populations now and for the future. Pesticide Risk Assessment for Pollinators focuses on the role pesticides play in impacting bee populations and looks to develop a risk assessment process, along with the data to inform that process, to better assess the potential risks that can accompany the