The blame machine : why human error causes accidents / / Robert B. Whittingham

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910816335703321
• Autore: Whittingham R. B (Robert B.)
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Oxford, : Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004
• ISBN: 1-136-35958-3; 1-280-96637-8; 9786610966370; 0-08-047212-5
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (284 p.)
• Disciplina: 363.1065
• Soggetti: Accidents - Prevention; Accident investigation; Errors; Accidents; Human engineering
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Front Cover; The Blame Machine: Why Human Error Causes Accidents; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; Part I: Understanding human error; 1. To err is human; 1.1 Defining human error; 1.1.1 Introduction; 1.1.2 Swain and Guttman 1983; 1.1.3 Reason 1990; 1.1.4 Hollnagel 1993; 1.1.5 Meister 1966; 1.1.6 Characterizing an error; 1.2 Random and systemic errors; 1.2.1 Introduction; 1.2.2 Error causation; 1.2.3 Human performance; 1.2.4 Estimating human error probability; 1.2.5 The balance between random and systemic errors; 1.2.6 Human error and risk; References; 2. Errors in practice; 2.1 Introduction2.2 Genotypes and phenotypes; 2.2.1 Definition; 2.2.2 Example of phenotype/genotype taxonomy; 2.3 The skill, rule and knowledge taxonomy; 2.3.1 Definitions; 2.3.2 Selection of appropriate behaviour type; 2.3.3 Determination of behaviour type; 2.4 The generic error modelling system taxonomy; 2.4.1 Overview; 2.4.2 Slips and lapses; 2.4.3 Mistakes; 2.4.4 Summary; References; 3. Latent errors and violations; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Latent and active errors; 3.2.1 ; Introduction; 3.2.2 Active errors; 3.2.3 Latent errors; 3.2.4 Latent errors in maintenance; 3.2.5 Latent errors in management3.3 Violations; 3.3.1 Introduction; 3.3.2 Definition of a violation; 3.3.3 Distinction between errors and violations; 3.3.4 Classification of violations; 3.3.5 The causes and control of violations; References; 4. Human reliability analysis; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Measuring human reliability; 4.2.1 Introduction; 4.2.2 Definitions; 4.2.3 Expressing probability values; 4.2.4 Performance shaping factors; 4.2.5 Task complexity; 4.3 Human reliability methods; 4.3.1 Database methods; 4.3.2 Expert judgement methods; 4.3.3 Conclusion; 4.4 Task decomposition; 4.4.1 Introduction4.4.2 Task analysis; 4.5 Error identification; 4.5.1 Introduction; 4.5.2 Taxonomy based methods; 4.5.3 Knowledge based methods; References; 5. Human error modelling; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Basic probability theory; 5.2.1 Introduction; 5.2.2 Failure and success probability; 5.2.3 Probability of two or more independent events; 5.2.4 Combining human error probabilities using logic gates; 5.2.5 Fault trees; 5.2.6 Event trees; 5.3 Error recovery; 5.3.1 Introduction; 5.3.2 Error recovery mechanisms; 5.3.3 Effect of error recovery on error probability; 5.4 Error dependency; 5.4.1 Introduction5.4.2 Root causes; 5.4.3 Coupling between errors; 5.4.4 The importance of error dependency; 5.4.5 Dependency modelling; References; 6. Human error in event sequences; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Human reliability event trees; 6.2.1 Introduction; 6.2.2 Example human reliability analysis event tree; 6.2.3 Quantification of error probabilities; 6.2.4 Event tree logic; 6.3 Scenario analysis; 6.3.1 Introduction; 6.3.2 Scenario 1: Influence of dependency on outcome F3; 6.3.3 Scenario 2: Influence of recovery factor in scenario F5; 6.4 Overview of human error modelling; 6.4.1 Introduction
• Sommario/riassunto: The Blame Machine describes how disasters and serious accidents result from recurring, but potentially avoidable, human errors. It shows how such errors are preventable because they result from defective systems within a company. From real incidents, you will be able to identify common causes of human error and typical system deficiencies that have led to these errors. On a larger scale, you will be able to see where, in the organisational or management systems, failure occurred so that you can avoid them.The book also describes the existence of