increased reliance on intra-group funding.The updated edition of the book contains country chapters that detail the transfer pricing consequences of financial instruments (e.g. loans, guarantee fees, cash pooling, factoring and leasing) and present practical ideas on how to build a transfer pricing policy for these transactions. New chapters are included on (i) treasury functions, discussing the role and importance of treasury within MNEs and possible treasury operating models; (ii) accurate delineation; (iii) the OECD guidance, the UN guidance, the interplay with other BEPS actions, and EU developments; (iv) the credit rating landscape, including a three-step approach to determine credit ratings; (v) various step approaches to determine arm's length remuneration for the most common intra-group financing transactions; and (vi) a roadmap on designing, implementing and sustaining robust intra-group financing structures and transfer pricing policies.This book is an invaluable resource for tax practitioners, tax lawyers, tax managers, tax directors of corporations, corporate treasurers and tax authorities, in all facets of transfer pricing and intra-group financing. Practical tools, checklists, roadmaps and step approaches to address, substantiate and price intercompany financial transactions are provided in the book. |