Are Racists Crazy? : How Prejudice, Racism, and Antisemitism Became Markers of Insanity / / Sander L. Gilman, James M. Thomas

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910798952003321
• Autore: Gilman Sander L.
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, NY : , : New York University Press, , [2016]; ©2016
• ISBN: 1-4798-9475-3
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (308 pages)
• Collana: Biopolitics ; ; 11
• Disciplina: 303.3/85
• Soggetti: Prejudices - Psychological aspects; Racism - Psychological aspects; Antisemitism - Psychological aspects; Mental illness
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Front matter -- Contents -- Preface and Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Psychopathology and Difference from the Nineteenth Century to the Present -- 2. The Long, Slow Burn from Pathological Accounts of Race to Racial Attitudes as Pathological -- 3. Hatred and the Crowd -- 4. The Holocaust and Post- War Theories of Antisemitism and Racism -- 5. Race and Madness in Mid- Twentieth- Century America and Beyond -- 6. The Modern Pathologization of Racism -- Conclusion -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About the Authors
• Sommario/riassunto: The connection and science behind race, racism, and mental illness In 2012, an interdisciplinary team of scientists at the University of Oxford reported that - based on their clinical experiment - the beta-blocker drug, Propranolol, could reduce implicit racial bias among its users. Shortly after the experiment, an article in Time Magazine cited the study, posing the question: Is racism becoming a mental illness? In Are Racists Crazy? Sander Gilman and James Thomas trace the idea of race and racism as psychopathological categories., from mid-19th century Europe, to contemporary America, up to the aforementioned clinical experiment at the University of Oxford, and ask a slightly different question than that posed by Time: How did racism become a mental ; illness? Using historical, archival, and content analysis, the authors provide a rich account of how the 19th century ‘Sciences of Man’ - including anthropology, medicine, and biology - used race as a means of defining psychopathology and how assertions about race and madness became embedded within disciplines that deal with mental health and illness. An illuminating and riveting history of the discourse on racism, antisemitism, and psychopathology, Are Racists Crazy? connects past and present claims about race and racism, showing the dangerous implications of this specious line of thought for today. The connection and science behind race, racism, and mental illnessIn 2012, an interdisciplinary team of scientists at the University of Oxford reported that - based on their clinical experiment - the beta-blocker drug, Propranolol, could reduce implicit racial bias among its users. Shortly after the experiment, an article in Time Magazine cited the study, posing the question: Is racism becoming a mental illness? In Are Racists Crazy? Sander Gilman and James Thomas trace the idea of race and racism as psychopathological categories., from mid-19th century Europe, to contemporary America, up to the aforementioned clinical experiment at the University of Oxford, and ask a slightly different question than that posed by Time: How did racism become a mental illness? Using historical, archival, and content analysis, the authors provide a rich account of how the 19th century ‘Sciences of Man’ - including anthropology, medicine, and biology - used race as a means of defining psychopathology and how assertions about race and madness became embedded within disciplines that deal with mental health and illness. An illuminating and riveting history of the discourse on racism, antisemitism, and psychopathology, Are Racists Crazy? connects past and present claims about race and racism, showing the dangerous implications of this specious line of thought for today.

Genetic structure and selection in subdivided populations / / François Rousset

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910814409503321
• Autore: Rousset François <1967->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Princeton, New Jersey ; ; Oxford, England : , : Princeton University Press, , [2013]; ©[2013]
• ISBN: 0-691-08816-0; 1-4008-4724-9
• Edizione: [Course Book]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (281 p.)
• Collana: Monographs in Population Biology ; ; 40
• Disciplina: 576.5/8
• Soggetti: Population genetics; Population biology
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Title; Contents; List of Figures and Tables; Acknowledgments; Preface; What Is and Is Not There; Assumed Background; Of Gene and Fitness; 1. Introduction; Genetic Structure in Relation to Selection; Plan of the Book; 2. Selection and Drift; Selection in Panmictic Populations; Evolution in Spatially Structured Populations; Selection and Local Drift; Effective Size in Subdivided Populations; Measuring Population Structure; Genetic Identity; Statistical Concepts of Equilibrium and Population; Summary; 3. Spatially Homogeneous Dispersal: The Island Model and Isolation by Distance; Island ModelsIsolation by Distance; Dispersal in Natural Populations; The Lattice Models; Differentiation under Isolation by Distance; Summary; Appendix 1: General Analysis of the Lattice Model; Appendix 2: Miscellaneous Results ; Diversity in a Deme; Average Diversity in a Population; Differentiation under Low Dispersal; 4. Interpretations of Inbreeding and Relatedness Coefficients in Subdivided Populations; Probabilities of Coalescence in Migration Matrix Models; Migration Matrix Models: Formulation; Probabilities of Coalescence; Interpretations of FST; Coalescence before Dispersal; Separation of Time ScalesAn Ancestral Reference Population?; Differences between Distributions of Coalescence Times; Properties of ; Inbreeding Coefficients; Sensitivity to Mutation and to Past Demographic Events; No Mutation; Alternative Measures of Allelic Divergence; 5. Evolutionary Dynamics; Fitness in a Panmictic Population; Example: Resource Competition; Convergence Stability; Evolutionary Stability; Applicability of This Framework; Fitness in a Subdivided Population; Frequency Dependence in Subdivided Populations; How to Measure Selection?; Conclusion; Appendix: The Prisoner's Dilemma GameNoniterated Game; Iterated Game; 6. Convergence Stability in a Spatially Homogeneous Population; Weak Selection Effects on Probability of Fixation; Fixation Probability as Allele Frequency Change; Fitness Functions; Fixation Probability: Direct Fitness Expansion; Expression in Terms of Parameters of Population Structure ; Practical Computation of Convergence Stability; Island Model; Isolation by Distance; Conclusions; Direct Fitness Method; Fitness Maximization; 7. Inclusive Fitness, Cooperation, and Altruism; What Inclusive Fitness Does Measure; Inclusive and Direct FitnessHamilton's Derivation of Inclusive Fitness; Isolation by Distance; Altruism in Spatially Subdivided Populations; Cost, Benefit, and Relatedness; Helping Neighbors; Other Examples; The Importance of Kin Competition; Kin Recognition; Implications for Modeling Approaches; Inclusive Fitness Theory; Other Frameworks; Appendix: Helping Neighbors under Isolation by Distance; 8. Diploidy (and Sex); Population Structure of Diploid Populations; Analysis of Pollen and Seed Dispersal; Joint Effects of Selfing and Selection on Population Structure; Selection in Sexual Diploid Populations
• Sommario/riassunto: Various approaches have been developed to evaluate the consequences of spatial structure on evolution in subdivided populations. This book is both a review and new synthesis of several of these approaches, based on the theory of spatial genetic structure. François Rousset examines Sewall Wright''s methods of analysis based on F-statistics, effective size, and diffusion approximation; coalescent arguments; William Hamilton''s inclusive fitness theory; and approaches rooted in game theory and adaptive dynamics. Setting these in a framework that reveals their common features, he demonstrates how