Gender and development in the Middle East and North Africa : women in the public sphere

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910814241103321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, DC, : World Bank, 2004
• ISBN: 1-280-08434-0; 9786610084340; 1-4175-0060-3
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: xx, 198 pages : illustrations ; ; 26 cm. + + 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
• Collana: Orientations in development
• Disciplina: 305.42/0956
• Soggetti: Women in development - Middle East; Women in development - Africa, North; Sex role - Middle East; Sex role - Africa, North; Sex discrimination against women - Middle East; Sex discrimination against women - Africa, North
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 165-191) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Glossary of Terms; Acronyms and Abbreviations; Overview; The Gender Paradox; The Costs of Low Participation of Women in the Economy and the Political Sphere Are High ...; ... But the Benefits of Enhanced Participation of Women Are Positive; Factors That Have Empowered Women in Other Parts of the World Have Been Less Effective in MENA; Achievements in Women's Education and Health ...; ... Are Not Matched by Gains in Women's Participation in the Labor Force; What Has Slowed Women's Entry into the Labor Force?; Even If Demand Factors Play a Role ...; ... Standard Labor Market Discrimination Does Not Explain Low Participation ...... But the Combination of Social and Economic Factors Does; A New Agenda about Gender; What Needs to Be Done ...; ... And Who Needs to Do It; 1. Why Does Gender Inequality Matter in MENA?; A Historical Perspective on Gender Equality in MENA; Outline of the Report; Notes; 2. Closing the Gender Gap in Education and Health; Increasing the Achievements in Women's Education; Dramatic Increase ; in Years of Schooling and Literacy; Progress in Reducing Gender Gaps in School Enrollment; Completion Rates That Reflect Continued Discouragement for GirlsEducating Women for Empowerment; Greater Emphasis Needed to Create Demand for Schooling; Enrollment of Girls from Remote and Poor Families; Making Progress in Health and Fertility; Life Expectancy That Has Increased; Infant and Maternal Mortality Rates That Have Fallen; Fertility That Has Fallen Dramatically; Challenging the Health Sector: Social Health and Second-Generation Issues; Reduction in Early Pregnancies; Increase in Reproductive Health Knowledge; Improvement in Women's Access to Health Services; Notes; 3. Women in the EconomyWomen's Participation in Economic Activity Has Increased at an Accelerating Rate ...; ... But Participation of Women in the Labor Force Remains Low; Economic Impact of Low Participation by Women in the Labor Force; The Burden of High Economic Dependency; Forgone Return on Investments in Girls' Education; High Costs for Households Headed by Women; The Costs of Low Female Participation Compared with Family and National Income; Unemployment and Female Participation in the Labor Force; Women Face Higher Unemployment than Men Do ...; ... But Higher Female Labor Force Participation Is Not Associated with Higher UnemploymentMixed Effect on Female Employment from Old Patterns of Growth; Women Have Tended to Work More in the Public Sector; Women and Men Are in Informal and Unregulated Categories of Work; Women Remain in Agriculture Longer than Men Do; The Challenge of Inclusion in the Private Sector; Appendix: Labor Force Participation Rates That Very with the Data Source; Notes; 4. Constraints on Women's Work; The Traditional Gender Paradigm in MENA; Key Elements of the Traditional Gender Paradigm; Traditional Norms That Affect Labor Market Behavior