Attention in early development : themes and variations / / Holly Alliger Ruff and Mary K. Rothbart

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910814190203321
• Autore: Ruff Holly Alliger
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: New York, : Oxford University Press, 2001, c1996
• ISBN: 0195350456; 9780195350456; 0-19-535045-6; 0-19-802354-5; 1-280-83444-7; 9786610834440; 9780199894031 (ebook); 0-19-989403-5
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: xv, 294 p. : ill
• Altri autori (Persone): RothbartMary Klevjord
• Disciplina: 153.7/33
• Soggetti: Attention; Child development; Visual perception in children
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographic references and indexes.
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- 1. Introduction -- Our Approach to Attention -- Development of Attention -- Individuality and Development -- Organization of the Book -- 2. Constructs and Measures -- Attention as Selectivity -- Selection of Objects and Locations -- Selection of Attributes Within an Object -- Attention as State -- Behavioral Measures -- Physiological Measures -- Attention as Executive Control -- Voluntary Attention -- Limited Capacity -- Automatic versus Controlled Processes -- Summary -- 3. Looking and Visual Attention: Overview and Developmental Framework -- Looking in the Newborn -- The Transition at 2 to 3 months -- Social Implications of the 2- to 3-Month Shift -- Processes Underlying the Transition at 2 to 3 Months -- Looking and the Development of the First Attention System -- The Transition at 9 to 12 Months -- Developmental Changes in Looking -- ; Changes in Other Domains -- Processes Underlying the Transition at 9 Months -- Consolidation of the Second Attention System and the Transition at 18 Months -- Developments in Patterns of Looking -- The 18-Month Transition -- Processes Underlying the 18-Month Transition -- The Preschool Years and Increasing Control of Attention -- Behavioral Evidence -- Processes Underlying Development from 2 to 5 Years -- Summary -- 4. Scanning, Searching, and Shifting Attention -- Shifting Attention -- Scanning -- Shifting Attention Between Events -- Visual Search and Expectation -- Nonobservable Shifts of Attention -- Summary -- 5. Development of Selectivity -- Changing Visual Preferences in the First Few Months -- A Shift from Quantitative to More Qualitative Bases for Selection -- Neural Underpinnings for the Shift in Selectivity at 2 to 3 Months -- Selection Based on Perceptual Experience -- Selection of Novel Objects and Events -- Selection of Novel Locations -- Selection Based on Motivational Relevance.; Social and Emotional Consequences of People -- Selection Based on What Is Relevant to New Motor Skills -- Selecting What Others Select -- Summary -- 6. Development of Attention as a State -- Engagement and Disengagement of Attention -- Initiation -- Engagement -- Disengagement and Termination of Attention -- Factors that Sustain Engagement -- Arousal -- Cognitive Factors -- Mutual Influences of Attention and Other States -- Summary -- 7. Focused Visual Attention and Resistance to Distraction -- General Conceptual Issues -- Framework for Development -- Orienting/Investigative System -- System of Higher Level Control -- Development of Two Systems of Attention -- Implications for Distractibility -- Conceptual Issues in the Study of Distractibility -- Common Mechanisms -- Developmental Changes in Mechanisms -- Can Distractors Help Performance? -- Summary -- 8. Increasing Independence in the Control of Attention -- Adult as Regulator -- The Role of the Parent in State Control -- Shared Attention to Objects -- Cultural Influences -- The Shift from Other-Regulation to Self-Regulation -- Increased Awareness of Attention in Self and Others -- The Role of Changing Motivations -- Volitional Skills -- Summary -- 9. Attention in Learning and Performance -- Learning and Performance as Defining Aspects of Attention -- Does Attention Enhance Learning and Performance? -- Behavioral Evidence for the Role of Focused Attention -- Physiological Differentiation -- Specific Types of Learning -- Discrimination Learning -- Sequence Learning -- Observational Learning -- Attention and Practice of New Skills -- Practice of Emerging Motor Skills -- Attention to Emerging Cognitive Skills -- Effort Involved in Emerging Use of Strategies -- Summary -- 10. Individual Differences in Attention -- Studying Individual Differences -- Individual Differences in Aspects of Attention.; Reactivity -- Sustained Visual Attention -- Focused Attention -- Related Dimensions of Individuality -- Motor Activity -- Higher Level Control of Impulses -- Attention and Emotionality -- Summary -- 11. Early Manifestations of Attention Deficits -- Attention Deficits in School-Age Children -- Excess Motor Activity and Attention -- Relating Disorders to Different Processes -- Possible Precursors of Attention Deficits with Hyperactivity -- Early Signs of Hyperactivity -- Developmental Patterns -- Precursors to Attention Deficits Without Hyperactivity -- Attention Deficits in Other Conditions -- Infants with Regulatory Disorders -- Impaired Attention in Autistic Children in Social Situations -- Underlying Deviations in Early Attention Deficits -- Attention Deficit as Neurodevelopmental Lag -- A Temperament Approach to Attention Deficits -- Hypotheses About Optimal Arousal Level -- Imbalances of Activation and Inhibition -- Summary -- 12. Individuality and Development -- Origins of Individual Differences -- ; Early Biological Variation -- Environment as a Contributor -- An Interactionist Approach to Individual Differences -- The Development of Attention Deficits -- Biological Bases -- Social Contributions to Developmental Patterns -- Individual Profiles of Development -- Summary -- 13. Recapitulation -- Development -- Individual Differences -- The Larger Context -- References -- Author Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- K -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- U -- V -- W -- Y -- Z -- Subject Index -- A -- B -- C -- D -- E -- F -- G -- H -- I -- J -- L -- M -- N -- O -- P -- Q -- R -- S -- T -- V -- W.
• Sommario/riassunto: 1. Introduction. 2. Constructs and Measures. 3. Looking and Visual Attention: Overview and Developmental Framework. 4. Scanning, Searching, and Shifting Attention. 5. Development of Selectivity. 6. Development of Attention as a State. 7. Focused Visual Attention and Resistance to Distraction. 8. Increasing Independence in the Control of Attention. 9. Attention in Learning and Performance. 10. Individual Differences in Attention. 11. Early Manifestations of Attention Deficits. 12. Individuality and Development. 13. Recapitulation. References. Author Index. Subject Index.