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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910813600803321 |
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Autore |
Pan Victor Junnan |
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Titolo |
Resumptivity in Mandarin Chinese : a minimalist account / / Victor Junnan Pan |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Berlin, Germany : , : De Gruyter Mouton, , [2016] |
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©2016 |
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ISBN |
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3-11-048975-9 |
3-11-049238-5 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (324 pages) |
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Collana |
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Trends in Linguistics:Studies and monographs, , 1861-4302 ; ; volume 298 |
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Classificazione |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Mandarin dialects |
Grammar, Comparative and general - Pronoun |
Chinese language |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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List of abbreviations -- Resumptivity : an overview -- Introduction -- Resumptivity -- Resumptive pronouns -- Two types of resumptive pronouns -- Two different points of view -- Syntactic level : to move, or not to move, that is the question! -- Period of GB -- Period of MP -- Semantic level : to move, or not to move, that is still the question! -- Main proposals in this study -- Against the macro : variation hypothesis -- Against the "spelled out traces" analysis -- Main proposals -- Organization of the argumentation -- Syntactic derivation : two types of A'-dependencies -- Introduction -- Distribution of resumptive pronouns in relatives and in dislocation structures -- Islands -- Relatives -- Dislocation structures -- Summary -- Crossover effects -- Weak crossover effects -- Relatives -- Dislocation structures -- Strong crossover effect -- Relatives -- Dislocation structures -- Summary -- Summary -- Analyses -- In the framework of government and binding theory -- In the minimalist program -- Match, agree and move -- Deriving resumptive constructions by agree -- Adger & Ramchand (2001, 2005) -- Rouveret (2002, 2008, to appear) -- Resumption in Chinese -- Island effects -- Crossover effects -- Resumptive distocationstructures -- Differences between relatives and |
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dislocation structures -- Locality -- Summary -- Conclusion -- Reconstruction and internal structures of resumptive pronouns -- Introduction -- Reconstruction effects and movement -- Two types of reconstruction effects -- Reconstruction of anaphoric binding -- Reconstruction of the scope of a quantifier -- Reconstruction effects and movement -- Two types of resumptivities -- Two generalizations of Aoun et al. (2001) -- Against the generalizations of Aoun et al. (2001) -- Against the first generalization of Aoun et al. : absence of island -- Against the second generalization of Aoun et al. : presence of islands -- Conclusion -- Reconstruction effects and internal structures of resumptive pronouns -- Two types of resumptive pronouns : strong pronouns, epithets and weak pronouns -- Two types of copies : indefinite and definite (Guilliot 2006) -- Two internal structures of resumptive pronouns : Rouveret (1994, 2002, 2008, to appear) -- Choice of internal structure of a resumptive pronoun -- Summary -- Reconstruction effects in Chinese -- Reconstruction and quantifier scope -- Relatives -- Dislocation structures -- Summary -- Possibility to take a quantificational antecedent -- Relatives -- Dislocation structures -- Summary -- Reconstruction of anaphoric binding -- Relatives -- Dislocation structures -- Summary -- Condition C effects under reconstruction -- Relatives -- Dislocation structures -- Summary -- Summary -- Analysis -- Correlation between types of syntactic constructions and forms of resumptives -- Interaction of different components of grammar -- Argument : two types of pronouns in Chinese -- Distribution of the pronoun qi -- Reconstruction of a quantifier scope -- Possibility to take a quantificational antecedent -- Anaphoric binding reconstruction -- Condition C effects under reconstruction -- Summary -- Differences between ta and qi -- Conclusion -- A mysterious problem is solved! -- Conclusion -- Specificity effects -- Introduction -- Derive individual reading and distributive reading -- Two types of specificities -- Non-specific reading (de dicto) vs. specific reading (de re) -- Individual reading vs. pair-list reading -- Resumptivlty and semantic readings -- Sharvit (1999) -- Guilliot (2006, 2011) -- Malkawi (2009) : competition of the readings -- Rouveret (2002, 2008, to appear) -- General distribution of different readings in Chinese -- Individual readings : non-specific (de dicto) vs. specific (de re) -- Relatives -- Dislocation structures -- Distributive readings : natural function vs. pair-list -- Relatives -- Dislocation structures -- Resumptive pronouns -- Intrusive pronouns -- Summary -- Analysis -- Conclusion -- Concluding remarks -- Syntactic level -- Semantic level -- Architecture of resumptivity -- Interaction of different factors involved in the derivation of an A'- dependency -- Two predictions -- What Chinese tells us about resumptivity -- Appendix : General distribution of the resumptive pronouns in Mandarin Chinese -- Introduction -- Personal pronouns in Chinese -- Syntactic constructions Involving A'-dependencies in Chinese -- Wh-dependency -- Relatlvizatlon -- Topicallzation -- Ex-situ cleft-focus structures -- Wh-ex-situ constructions -- ATB-constructions -- Summary -- General distribution of the resumptive pronouns in Chinese -- Cases in which the presence of the resumptive pronouns is obligatory -- Cases in which the presence of the resumptive pronouns is optional or prohibited -- ; References -- ; Subject index. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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The use of resumptive pronouns is quite productive in Mandarin Chinese; however, their distribution has rarely been studied in a systematic way. This book not only gives a thorough description of the general distribution of resumptive pronouns in different contexts but also offers a theoretical account in the framework of the Minimalist |
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Program. Different types of A'-dependencies, mediated by gaps and by resumptive pronouns, are derived by different minimalist mechanisms, such as Agree, Match and Move. These mechanisms only apply at Narrow Syntax and do not uniformly obey locality constraints. Importantly, interpretative properties of an A'-bound element, such as reconstruction effects, is only related to its internal structure irrespective of how the A'-chain concerned is derived. From this perspective, resumptivity is an exclusively syntactic-related phenomenon and is thus not subject to any interface condition. Adopting a comparative approach, this study improves the general understanding of resumptivity crosslinguistically. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910300463703321 |
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Autore |
Lengstorf Jason |
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Titolo |
PHP for Absolute Beginners / / by Jason Lengstorf, Thomas Blom Hansen |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Berkeley, CA : , : Apress : , : Imprint : Apress, , 2014 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[2nd ed. 2014.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (236 p.) |
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Collana |
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The expert's voice in web development |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Computer programming |
Software engineering |
Web Development |
Software Engineering/Programming and Operating Systems |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Contents at a Glance; Introduction; Part I: PHP/MySQL Basics; Chapter 1: Setting Up a PHP Development Environment; Why You Need Apache, MySQL, and PHP; How PHP Works; Apache and What It Does; Storing Info with MySQL; Installing PHP, Apache, and MySQL; Installing XAMPP; Step 1: Download XAMPP; Step 2: Open the Installer and Follow the |
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Instructions; Step 3: Test XAMPP to Ensure Proper Installation; Open the XAMPP Control Panel; What If Apache Isn't Running?; Verify That Apache and PHP Are Running; Choosing a PHP Editor; Creating Your First PHP File; Running Your First PHP Script; Summary |
Chapter 2: Understanding PHP: Language BasicsEmbedding PHP Scripts; Using echo; What Is a Variable?; Storing Values in a Variable; A Variable Is a Placeholder; Valid PHP Variable Names; Displaying PHP Errors; Creating an HTML5 Page with PHP; Including a Simple Page Template; Returning Values; Including the Template; Commenting Your Code; Block and Single-Line Comments; Avoiding Naming Conflicts; The Object Operator; Using a StdClass Object for Page Data; Object Properties Are Like Variables; Page Views; Making a Dynamic Site Navigation; Passing Information with PHP; Accessing URL Variables |
Using isset( ) to Test If a Variable Is Set_GET, a Superglobal Array; Including Page Views Dynamically; Concatenation; Strict Naming Convention; Displaying a Default Page; Validating Your HTML; Styling the Site with CSS; Declaring a Page_Data Class; Classes Make Objects; Highlighting Current Navigation Item with a Dynamic Style Rule; Taking a Closer Look at the Dynamic CSS; Summary; Chapter 3: Form Management; What Are Forms?; Setting Up a New PHP Project; Seeing for Yourself; Creating a Dynamic Navigation; Creating Page Views for the Form; Displaying Page Views on index.php |
Spending Your Time Wisely: Conventions and ReuseA Super-Simple Search Form; Trying Your Search Form; Forms Encode URL Variables; A Name Attribute Declares the Name of a URL Variable; The Element and Some Common Types; Understanding the Method Attribute; Named PHP Functions; The Basic Syntax for Functions; Using Function Arguments for Increased Flexibility; Creating a Form for the Quiz; Showing the Quiz Form; Using and ; The POST Method; Using the _POST Superglobal; _POST Is an Array; If and Else Explained; Evaluating the Quiz Response |
The Identical Comparison OperatorCurly's Law: Do One Thing; Meaningful Names; Code Is Poetry; Styling Forms; Exercises; Summary; Chapter 4: Building a Dynamic Image Gallery with Image Upload; Setting Up a Dynamic Site; Prerequisites: A Folder with Some Images; Creating a Navigation; Creating Two Dummy Page View Files; Creating the Index File; Time to Test; Adding Two Style Sheets to One Page; Staying DRY; Improving the Page_Data Class with a Method; Is It a Function or a Method?; What Is this?; Using the New Method; You Can Only Use Methods That Are Declared |
Preparing a Function for Displaying Images |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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PHP is a server-side scripting language that enables you to develop dynamic sites that engage users in ways that are simply not possible using only HTML and CSS. PHP for Absolute Beginners takes a practical approach to teaching you how to build dynamic content for your website using PHP. You’ll quickly get started with practical PHP projects, learning how to build a dynamic image gallery. By the end of the book you’ll will have developed a personal blog complete with a password protected admin module. PHP for Absolute Beginners won't swamp you with every detail of the full PHP language up front – instead, you’ll be introduced to a small, versatile subset of PHP and learn to use it creatively to develop dynamic web sites. In the process you will learn to use variables, control structures, functions, and objects to your advantage. You will learn how to plan and create databases and how to organize your PHP scripts beautifully. At the end of the book, you will be a confident PHP user, ready to take the next steps in creating great websites. |
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