Environmental hazards [[electronic resource] ] : the fluid dynamics and geophysics of extreme events / / editors, H.K. Moffatt, Emily Shuckburgh

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910811968803321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Singapore, : World Scientific, c2011
• ISBN: 1-283-43340-0; 9786613433404; 981-4313-29-7
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (330 p.)
• Collana: Lecture notes series / Institute for Mathematical Sciences, National University of Singapore ; ; v. 21
• Altri autori (Persone): MoffattH. K <1935-> (Henry Keith); ShuckburghEmily
• Disciplina: 551.5
• Soggetti: Climatic extremes; Atmospheric turbulence; Natural disasters; Fluid mechanics
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "The Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the National University of Singapore hosted a Spring School on Fluid Dynamics and Geophysics of Environmental Hazards from 19 April to 2 May 2009. This volume contains the content of the nine short lecture courses given at this School ..."--Back cover.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Contents; Foreword; Preface; 1. A Brief Introduction to Vortex Dynamics and Turbulence H. Keith Moffatt; 1. Introduction; 2. Vorticity and the Biot-Savart Law; 3. The Euler Equation and its Invariants; 4. The Stretched Vortex of Burgers (1948); 5. Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability; 6. Transient Instability and Streamwise Vortices; 7. Turbulence, Viewed as a Random Field of Vorticity; 8. The Kolmogorov-Obukhov Energy-Cascade Theory; Acknowledgments; References; 2. Geophysical and Environmental Fluid Dynamics Tieh-Yong Koh and Paul F. Linden; 1. Introduction; 2. Stratified Flows; 2.1. Surface Gravity Waves2.1.1. Dimensional analysis; 2.1.2. Exact dispersion relation; 2.2. Froude Number; 2.3. Stratification and ; Buoyancy Frequency; 2.4. Internal Gravity Waves; 2.5. Mountain Waves; 2.6. Mass, Momentum and Energy Fluxes; 3. Convection; 3.1. Unstable Stratification; 3.2. Parcel Argument; 3.3. Dimensional Analysis; 3.3.1. Rayleigh number; 3.4. Convection Strength; 3.5. High Rayleigh Number; 3.6. Very High Rayleigh Number; 4. Plumes; 4.1. Plumes-Dimensional Analysis; 4.2. Entrainment; 4.2.1. Entrainment assumption; 4.3. Self-similarity; 4.4. Plume Rise in a Stratified Fluid; 4.4.1. Dimensional analysis4.4.2. Impact on the external environment - the "filling box"; 4.5. Fires; 5. Gravity Currents; 5.1. Horizontal Stratification; 5.2. Gravity Currents; 5.2.1. Dimensional analysis; 5.2.1.1. Constant velocity phase; 5.2.1.2. Similarity phase; 5.2.2. Laboratory verification; 5.3. The Front Froude Number; 6. Rotating Flows; 6.1. Rotating Frame and the Coriolis Force; 6.2. Inertial Oscillations; 6.3. Rossby Radius of Deformation and Eddies; 6.4. Buoyancy-Driven Coastal Currents; References; 3. Weather and Climate Emily Shuckburgh; 1. Introduction; 2. Forcing of the Atmosphere and Ocean Circulation2.1. Atmospheric Properties; 2.2. Solar Forcing; 2.3. Greenhouse Effect; 2.4. Radiative Transfer; 2.5. Climate Change; 2.6. Further Atmospheric Properties; 2.7. Oceanic Properties; 2.8. Ocean Forcing; 3. Dynamics of the Atmosphere and Oceans; 3.1. Role of Dynamics; 3.2. Rotating Fluids; 3.3. Weather and Climate Models; 3.4. Dynamical Processes; 3.5. General Circulation of the Atmosphere; 3.6. Ocean Circulation; 3.7. Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere Coupling; 4. Conclusions; References; 4. Dynamics of the Indian and Pacific Oceans Swadhin Behera and Toshio Yamagata1. Introduction; 2. The Tropical Climate Modes; 2.1. The ENSO; 2.2. The ENSO Modoki; 2.2.1. Ocean-atmosphere coupling; 2.2.2. ENSO Modoki vs ENSO impacts; 2.3. The Indian Ocean Dipole; 2.3.1. Ocean-atmosphere coupling; 2.3.2. Triggering and termination processes; 2.3.3. IOD impacts; 2.3.4. IOD predictions; 3. IOD, ENSO and ENSO Modoki Interactions; 4. Discussions; References; 5. The Hurricane-Climate Connection Kerry Emanuel; 1. Introduction; 2. Tropical Cyclone Variability in the Instrumental Record; 3. Paleotempestology
• Sommario/riassunto: The Institute for Mathematical Sciences at the National University of Singapore hosted a Spring School on Fluid Dynamics and Geophysics of Environmental Hazards from 19 April to 2 May 2009. This volume contains the content of the nine short lecture courses given at this School, with a focus mainly on tropical cyclones, tsunamis, monsoon flooding and atmospheric pollution, all within the context of climate variability and change. The book provides an introduction to these topics from both mathematical and geophysical points of view, and will be invaluable for graduate students in applied mathem