Potential radiation exposure in military operations : protecting the soldier before, during, and after / / Committee on Battlefield Radiation Exposure Criteria, Fred A. Mettler, Jr., chairman ; Susan Thaul and Heather O'Maonaigh, editors ; Medical Follow-up Agency, Institute of Medicine

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910810770103321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington, D.C., : National Academy Press, 1999
• ISBN: 0-309-17302-7; 1-280-18600-3; 9786610186006; 0-309-58110-9; 0-585-07610-3
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (159 p.)
• Collana: Compass series
• Altri autori (Persone): MettlerFred A. <1945->; ThaulSusan; O'MaonaighHeather
• Disciplina: 616.9/89705
• Soggetti: Ionizing radiation - Dosage; Radiation - Safety measures; Soldiers - Health and hygiene
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: "Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Materiel Command under Contract No. DAMD17-96-C-6095"--T.p. verso.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-118).
• Nota di contenuto: Potential Radiation Exposure in Military Operations -- Copyright -- Reviewers -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Radiation Unit Conversion Chart -- Acronyms -- Contents -- Summary -- HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND RATIONALE -- RADIATION PHYSICS, RADIATION BIOLOGY, AND RADIATION SAFETY AND PROTECTION -- RECOMMENDATIONS FROM THE INTERIM REPORT -- Underlying Philosophy -- Terminology -- Prospective Risk Assessments -- Dosimetry -- Reference Levels for Operational Exposure Guidance -- ETHICAL FRAMEWORK -- Justifying Placing Individuals at Risk of Harm -- Training, Recordkeeping, and Reporting -- COMMITTEE ; RECOMMENDATIONS -- Balancing Future and Present Harm -- Philosophy of Radiation Protection -- Communicating Risk -- Radiation Dosimetry, Records, and Reporting -- Follow-Up -- 1 Introduction -- BACKGROUND -- REPORT LAYOUT -- ETHICS -- Military Context -- 2 Fundamentals of Radiation Safety and Protection -- RADIATION PHYSICS -- RADIATION UNITS AND MEASUREMENTS -- Radiation Units -- Absorbed Dose -- Equivalent Dose -- Radiation Measurement -- SOURCES OF RADIATION EXPOSURE -- RADIATION DOSE REDUCTION -- RADIATION BIOLOGY -- Deterministic Effects -- Stochastic Effects -- ASSESSMENT OF RADIOGENIC TUMOR RISK -- Risk Factors -- Dose Range Covered by the Guidelines in This Report -- Modification of Risk -- Age -- Sex -- Type of Radiation -- Dose Rate and Magnitude -- Tissue -- Heritable and In Utero Effects -- Interaction with Other Exposures -- How to Apply Risk Factors -- Putting the Risks in Perspective -- 3 Standard Practices in Occupational Radiation Protection -- CONTROL PHILOSOPHY -- RADIATION SAFETY TRAINING FOR OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES -- Requirements of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission -- Risk Communication-An Important Function in Decisions for Radiation Safety -- Training and Radiation Risk Perceptions -- RECORDS AND RECORDKEEPING -- REPORTING.; 4 Current Paradigms for Radiation Protection in the U.S. Army -- OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE -- NON-OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES UP TO 700 MILLISIEVERT -- HIGH-LEVEL EXPOSURES IN NUCLEAR WAR -- SUMMARY OF EXISTING ARMY PROGRAMS -- 5 Army Radiation Protection and Safety Programs in Light of Civilian Standard Practices and Recommendations for Improvement -- REVIEW OF THIS COMMITTEE'S INTERIM REPORT -- Underlying Philosophy of Radiation Protection -- Interim Report Recommendations -- Terminology -- Interim Report Recommendations -- Prospective Risk Assessment -- Interim Report Recommendations -- Definition of a Radiological Area -- Dosimetry Requirements -- Dose Units -- Internal Dose -- Dose Cumulation Times -- Interim Report Recommendations -- Reference Levels for Operational Exposure Guidance -- Interim Report Recommendations -- Recordkeeping -- GUIDANCE ON RADIATION PROTECTION -- Training -- Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements -- Recordkeeping in Military Settings -- 6 Decisionmaking by Commanders -- INFORMATION -- JUSTIFICATION -- OPTIMIZATION -- COMMUNICATION -- 7 Follow-Up of Persons with Known or Suspected Exposure to Ionizing Radiation -- MEDICAL FOLLOW-UP -- Medical Assessment -- Medical Monitoring -- Medical Monitoring for Delayed Deterministic and Stochastic Effects of Radiation -- Effects of Accuracy of Monitoring and Disease Prevalence -- Assessment of the Benefit of Medical Monitoring -- Costs of Medical Monitoring -- Monitoring Sensitive Populations -- Screening for Specific Cancers -- Summary of Medical Monitoring Considerations -- Medical Testing -- Medical Care -- Medical Care for Early and Delayed Deterministic Effects -- Medical Care for Stochastic Effects -- Ethical and Legal Considerations: Follow-Up Programs -- EPIDEMIOLOGIC FOLLOW-UP -- Description and Rationale -- Issues of Study Design.; Choice of Population and Outcome to be Studied -- Data Sources and Quality -- Military and Radiation-Specific Study Design Issues -- Ethical Issues -- Examples of Epidemiologic Studies of Military Exposures -- PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT -- 8 Recommendations -- BALANCING FUTURE AND PRESENT HARM -- PHILOSOPHY OF RADIATION PROTECTION -- COMMUNICATING RISK -- RADIATION DOSIMETRY, RECORDS, AND REPORTING -- FOLLOW-UP -- References -- Appendix A The ACE Directive -- Appendix B Participants in Committee Meetings and Workshop -- Appendix C Biographical ; Summaries -- COMMITTEE MEMBERS -- STAFF.