The neglected goat : a new method to assess the role of the goat in the English Middle Ages / / Lenny Salvagno

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910809679203321
• Autore: Salvagno Lenny
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Oxford : , : Archaeopress Publishing Ltd., , [2020]; ©2020
• ISBN: 1-78969-630-5
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (888 pages)
• Disciplina: 330.942021
• Soggetti: Animal remains (Archaeology) - England - Identification - Methodology; Goats - England - History - To 1500
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Contents -- 1 Introduction and background -- 1.1 Research questions and book structure -- 1.1.1 Description of the structure of this book -- 1.2 Taxonomy -- 1.3 Methodological background -- 1.3.1 Morphological approach -- 1.3.1.1 Post-cranial bones -- 1.3.1.2 Mandibular teeth -- 1.3.2 Non morphological approaches -- 1.3.3 Biometrical approach -- 1.3.4 Conclusions -- 1.4 The medieval English goat: setting the scene -- 1.4.1 The historical evidence for the medieval goat -- 1.4.2 Zooarchaeological evidence for the medieval goat -- 2 Study of the morphological traits and biometry of the modern material -- 2.1 Methods -- 2.1.1 Introduction -- 2.1.2 Morphological Approach -- 2.1.3 Biometrical approach -- 2.1.4 The Recording Protocol -- 2.2 Materials -- 2.3 Inter-Observer Error and Intra-Observer Error: consistency tests -- 2.3.1 Reliability Tests -- 2.3.2 Inter-Observer Error: Inter Correlation Coefficient -- 2.3.3 Intra-Observer Error: Inter Correlation Coefficient -- 2.3.4 Conclusions -- 2.4 Morphological results -- 2.4.1 Reliability of the morphological diagnostic traits -- 2.4.2 Influence of sex -- 2.4.3 Influence of age -- 2.4.4 Conclusions -- 2.5 Biometric results -- 2.5.1 Descriptive Statistics -- 2.5.2 Bivariate plots -- 2.5.3 Allometric shape analysis as expressed by Biometrical Indices -- 2.5.4 Statistical Analyses: Mann Whitney U test and Multivariate Approaches -- 2.5.5 Mann Whitney U-test and Manova -- 2.5.6 Discriminant Analysis -- 2.5.7 Principal ; Component Analysis -- 2.5.8 Conclusions -- 2.6 Discussion of the study of the modern material: morphological and biometrical approach -- 3 Reevaluation of the role of the goat in medieval England -- 3.1 The archaeological sites -- 3.2 King's Lynn (AD 1050-1800) -- 3.2.1 Introduction -- 3.2.2 Archaeological Investigations -- 3.2.3 Activities at King's Lynn.; 3.2.4 What does the zooarchaeological evidence say? -- 3.2.5 Reevaluation of King's Lynn sheep/goat bone material: methodology -- 3.2.6 Morphological Approach: Results -- 3.2.7 Shape analysis as expressed by Biometrical Indices -- 3.2.8 DA predictions of the sheep/goat assemblage from King's Lynn -- 3.2.9 Discriminant Analysis on the King's Lynn material in toto -- 3.2.10 Discussion -- 3.2.10.1 An assessment of the new methodology -- 3.2.10.2 The King's Lynn case study -- 3.3 Medieval and Post-medieval Flaxengate (c. late 11th century AD -- late 14th - middle 16th century AD) -- 3.3.1 Introduction -- 3.3.2 Archaeological Investigations -- 3.3.3 What does the zooarchaeological evidence say? -- 3.3.4 Reevaluation of Flaxengate sheep/goat bone material: methodology -- 3.3.5 Morphological Approach: Results -- 3.3.6 Shape analysis as expressed by Biometrical Indices -- 3.3.7 Discriminant Analysis -- 3.3.8 Discussion -- 3.3.8.1 An assessment of the new methodology -- 3.3.8.2 The Flaxengate case study -- 3.4 Woolmonger /Kingswell Street, Northampton (c. 1000-1550 AD) -- 3.4.1 Introduction -- 3.4.2 Archaeological Investigations -- 3.4.3 Trade activities at Northampton -- 3.4.4 What does the zooarchaeological evidence say? -- 3.4.5 Reevaluation of Woolmonger/ Kingswell Street sheep/goat bone material: methodology -- 3.4.6 Morphological Approach: Results -- 3.4.7 Shape analysis as expressed by Biometrical Indices -- 3.4.8 Discriminant Analysis -- 3.4.9 Discussion -- 3.4.1.1 An assessment of the new methodology -- 3.4.1.2 The Woolmonger/Kingswell Street case study -- 3.5 Discussion of the application of the new methodology on Archaeological assemblages -- 3.6 Reassessment of the role of the goat in medieval English husbandry and economy: a beginning. -- 3.7 Future developments: the way is paved -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Appendices.; Appendix I: The importance of the goat in the human past -- 1.1 The domestication of the goat: background, dynamics, place and time -- 1.2 The wild progenitor of the domestic goat -- 1.3 Differences and similarities with the sheep -- Appendix II: Bland and Altman plots as integration of the ICC (Inter-Observer Error) -- Appendix III: Descriptive statistics for the moden sheep and goat material -- Appendix IV: Assumptions for Discriminant Analysis (DA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) -- Appendix V: PCA, a Brief Glossary -- Appendix VI: DA: how to use it to predict new archaeological cases.
• Sommario/riassunto: Based on a combination of morphological and biometrical analyses, this book provides a new, objective and transparent methodology to distinguish between sheep and goat post cranial bones in the archaeological record. Additionally, on the basis of the newly proposed approach, it reassesses the role of the goat in medieval England.

Reasons without rationalism / / Kieran Setiya

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910821283503321
• Autore: Setiya Kieran <1976->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Princeton, N.J., : Princeton University Press, c2007
• ISBN: 1-282-12972-4; 9786612129728; 1-4008-2772-8
• Edizione: [Course Book]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (143 p.)
• Disciplina: 171/.3
• Soggetti: Ethics; Virtue; Act (Philosophy); Practical reason
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references (p. [121]-127) and index.
• Nota di contenuto: "Squeezing the good into the right through the tubes of imperfection" -- The relevance of action theory -- A puzzle about intention -- The belief-desire model -- Acting for reasons -- Solving the puzzle -- A causal theory of action? -- Against the guise of the good -- Character and practical thought -- An argument for the virtue theory -- Practical reason and the guise of the good -- Motivation and desire -- Self-knowledge as the aim of action.
• Sommario/riassunto: Modern philosophy has been vexed by the question "Why should I be moral?" and by doubts about the rational authority of moral virtue. In Reasons without Rationalism, Kieran Setiya shows that these doubts rest on a mistake. The "should" of practical reason cannot be understood apart from the virtues of character, including such moral virtues as justice and benevolence, and the considerations to which the virtues make one sensitive thereby count as reasons to act. Proposing a new framework for debates about practical reason, Setiya argues that the only alternative to this "virtue theory" is a form of ethical rationalism in which reasons derive from the nature of intentional action. Despite its recent popularity, however, ethical rationalism is false. It wrongly assumes that we act "under the guise of the good," or ; it relies on dubious views about intention and motivation. It follows from the failure of rationalism that the virtue theory is true: we cannot be fully good without the perfection of practical reason, or have that perfection without being good. Addressing such topics as the psychology of virtue and the explanation of action, Reasons without Rationalism is essential reading for philosophers interested in ethics, rationality, or the philosophy of mind.