Intra-abdominal hypertension / / Manu Malbrain, Jan De Waele [[electronic resource]]

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910807430703321
• Autore: Malbrain Manu <1965->
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Cambridge : , : Cambridge University Press, , 2013
• ISBN: 1-316-09060-4; 1-107-27215-7; 1-107-27496-6; 1-107-27699-3; 1-107-27373-0; 1-107-27822-8; 0-511-66701-9
• Edizione: [1st ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xiv, 240 pages) : digital, PDF file(s)
• Collana: Core critical care
• Disciplina: 616.1/3
• Soggetti: Abdomen - Diseases; Compartment syndrome
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Title from publisher's bibliographic system (viewed on 05 Oct 2015).
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover -- Contents -- Contributors -- Abbreviations -- Foreword -- Section 1 Understanding intra-abdominal hypertension: what to worry about? -- Chapter 1 What is intra-abdominal pressure? -- Introduction -- (Very) brief history of IAP -- The abdominal wall -- Basics of fluid physics - all about pressure -- The relation between IAP and IAV - compliance and elastance -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 2 Definitions -- Introduction -- Background -- Definitions -- Definition 1 - IAP -- Definition 2 - abdominal perfusion pressure (APP) -- Definition 3 - filtration gradient (FG) -- Definition 4 - units of measurements and reference -- Definition 5 - reference standard -- Definition 6 - normal IAP -- Definition 7 - IAH -- Definition 8 - IAH grades -- Definition 9 - ACS -- Definition 10 - primary ACS -- Definition 11 - secondary ACS -- Definition 12 - recurrent ACS -- The future of the definitions -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 3 Principles of IAP management -- Measure IAP at the end of expiration ; -- IAP is (usually) measured in the bladder -- IAP can be measured through routes other than the bladder -- IAP can be measured with fluid-filled or air-filled systems -- IAP should be measured against a reference level -- Instillation of fluid in the bladder is required -- The temperature of the instillation fluid should be controlled -- The patient's body position is important -- Supine versus semi-recumbent position -- Prone position -- Other positions -- The effect of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) on IAP -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 4 Systems available to measure IAP -- Introduction -- Clinical estimation of IAP -- Measurement of IAP is safe -- Measurement of IAP is reproducible -- Routes for IAP measurements -- Transvesicular route -- Transgastric route -- Alternative routes -- Modalities of IAP measurements.; Available methods for IAP measurement -- Intermittent IAP measurement -- Transvesicular: FoleyManometerTM or Uno-Meter Abdo-PressureTM -- Transvesicular: Harahill method -- Transvesicular: AbViserTM IAP Monitoring Kit -- Transvesicular: Bard IAP® Monitoring Device -- Transvesicular: Biometrix -- Transvesicular: PreOx IAP Adapter -- Transgastric: gastric tube or Collee method -- Transgastric: gastric balloon method -- Continuous IAP measurement -- Continuous transvesicular IAP measurement -- Continuous IAP monitoring - CiMON (Pulsion Medical Systems) -- The IAP-Catheter and IAP-Monitor (Spiegelberg) -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 5 Pitfalls of IAP monitoring -- Introduction -- The pitfalls -- Pitfalls related to the patient -- Positioning of the patient -- The awake patient -- Intra-abdominal space-occupying lesions -- Obesity -- Children -- Pitfalls related to the measurement technique -- Zero reference level -- Gastric route -- Infusion volume -- Infusion temperature -- Frequency of IAP measurement -- Pitfall specific to the kit used -- Pitfalls related to the interpretation of data -- Key points -- Further reading -- Section 2 Underlying predisposing conditions: when to worry? -- Chapter 6 Decreased abdominal compliance -- What is abdominal compliance? -- Why is abdominal compliance important? -- Implications for clinical practice -- How does decreased abdominal wall compliance lead to IAH? -- Is this clinically important? -- Can I and should I measure abdominal compliance in my patient? -- How do I know when abdominal wall compliance is decreased? -- How do I know when abdominal wall compliance is increased? -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 7 Increased abdominal content -- Introduction -- Measuring IAV -- IAV in clinical practice -- Is IAV relevant? -- IAV and primary IAH -- IAV and secondary IAH.; Other ways in which IAV has an impact on IAH -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 8 Capillary leak and fluid resuscitation -- Introduction -- Capillary dynamics -- Capillary leak in the critically ill patient -- IAP and the three hits model of shock -- The ebb phase -- The flow phase -- The global increased permeability syndrome -- When it starts to get better (day 3) -- Key points -- Further reading -- Section 3 Specific conditions: when to worry more? -- Chapter 9 Pancreatitis -- Introduction -- Why and when do patients with severe acute pancreatitis develop IAH and ACS? -- Consequences of IAH and ACS in the patient with severe acute pancreatitis -- Diagnosis of IAH and ACS in the patient with severe acute pancreatitis -- Prevention of IAH and ACS in the patient with severe acute pancreatitis -- Treatment of IAH and ACS in the patient with severe acute pancreatitis -- Surgery -- Feeding -- When can the clinician stop considering IAH in patients with severe acute pancreatitis? -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 10 Children -- Introduction -- IAP in children -- Normal values of IAP in children -- Measurement of IAP in children. -- ; Outcomes of IAP in children -- IAH and ACS in children -- Diagnosis of IAH and ACS in children -- Management of IAH and ACS in children -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 11 Trauma -- Introduction -- Types of ACS in trauma patients -- Incidence -- The 'bloody' vicious circle and IAH -- Conservative management of the patient with abdominal trauma -- IAH in the patient with an open abdomen -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 12 Burns -- Introduction -- Incidence -- Consequences of IAH in the patient with severe burns -- Monitoring IAP in the burn patient -- IAH prevention in the burn patient -- Urine output as an indicator during resuscitation of the burn patient.; Treatment of IAH in the burn patient -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 13 Obesity -- Introduction -- Normal values of IAP in obese patients -- IAP and chronic morbidity in the obese patient -- Systemic hypertension -- Pseudotumour cerebri -- Respiratory morbidity -- Gastro-oesophageal reflux -- Incisional hernia -- Specifics of IAP management in the obese patient -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 14 Pregnancy and others -- Introduction -- Pregnancy and IAP -- Peritoneal dialysis and IAP -- IAP during iatrogenic pneumoperitoneum -- IAP in the haematological patient -- Any other conditions leading to IAP? -- Gastroenterology -- Respiratory -- Neurology -- Cardiology -- Gynaecology -- Reconstructive surgery -- Orthopaedics -- Miscellaneous -- Key points -- Further reading -- Section 4 Consequences of intra-abdominal hypertension: why to worry? -- Chapter 15 Cardiovascular system and IAH -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology -- Overall cardiovascular effects of IAH -- IAH and preload -- IAH and contractility -- IAH and afterload -- Implications for clinical practice -- Filling pressures are inaccurate with IAH -- What about volumetric monitoring? -- Abdominal perfusion pressure (APP) -- IAP and responsiveness to fluid -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 16 Respiratory system and IAH -- Introduction -- IAH and acute lung injury -- IAH and lung distension -- IAH and pulmonary oedema -- IAP and mechanical ventilation -- IAP and pulmonary hypertension -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 17 Renal system and IAH -- Introduction -- Incidence -- Critical IAP in relation to renal function -- The impact of IAH-induced kidney failure -- Implications for clinical management -- Diagnosis of AKI in patients with IAH? -- Prevention of IAH-induced kidney injury? -- How do I treat the patient with IAH-induced AKI? -- Key points.; Further reading -- Chapter 18 Central nervous system and IAH -- Introduction -- How does IAH lead to intracranial hypertension? -- Importance of the impact of IAH on ICP -- Conditions associated with increased IAP and ICP -- Implications for clinical management -- Prevention of IAH-induced raised ICP -- Treatment of IAH when ICP is raised -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 19 Other organs and IAH -- The liver and IAH -- Gastrointestinal function and IAH -- The abdominal wall and IAH -- Endocrine function and IAH -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 20 How to define gastrointestinal failure? -- Introduction -- Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome -- IAH as a marker of gastrointestinal dysfunction -- Implications for clinical practice -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 21 Polycompartment syndromes -- Introduction -- Abdominal compartment syndrome -- Other compartment syndromes -- Hepatic compartment syndrome -- Renal compartment syndrome -- Pelvic compartment syndrome -- Cardiac compartment syndrome -- Intracranial compartment syndrome -- Intraorbital compartment syndrome -- Limbs or extremity compartment syndrome -- Polycompartment syndrome -- Key points -- Further reading -- Section 5 Treatment -- Chapter 22 Improvement of abdominal wall ; compliance -- Decreased abdominal wall compliance leads to IAH -- Measuring abdominal compliance -- Preventing decreased C-abd -- Increasing abdominal wall compliance -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 23 Evacuation of intraluminal contents -- How do intraluminal contents lead to IAH? -- Ileus and IAH -- Enteral feed -- Evacuation of intraluminal content -- Surgical intervention -- Key points -- Further reading -- Chapter 24 Evacuation of abdominal fluid collections -- Introduction -- What are the causes of abdominal fluid collections leading to IAH?.; What about more factors leading to IAH or ACS?.
• Sommario/riassunto: Despite increasing interest in intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) as causes of significant morbidity and mortality among the critically ill, unanswered questions cloud the understanding of the pathophysiology of these conditions: • Are IAH and ACS synonymous? • What are the ideal methods of measuring and lowering intra-abdominal pressure (IAP)? • When should we think of IAH? • Can IAH be prevented? • What level of IAP requires abdominal decompression? Written by two experts in critical care and IAP, Intra-Abdominal Hypertension is a distillation of the current literature and furthers the understanding of these complex critical conditions. Using a step-by-step approach and illustrative figures, this clinical handbook presents a concise overview of consensus definitions, measurement methods, organ assessment and treatment options. Intra-Abdominal Hypertension is essential reading for all members of the intensive care multidisciplinary team, including experienced and junior physicians, anesthetists and nurses.