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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910807115303321 |
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Titolo |
Feeding and nutrition of infants and young children : guidelines for the WHO European Region, with emphasis on the former Soviet countries / / Kim Fleischen Michaelsen ... [et al.] |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Copenhagen, Denmark, : WHO Regional office for Europe, c2000 |
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ISBN |
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1-280-06073-5 |
9786610060733 |
92-890-1395-8 |
1-4175-4356-6 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (xv, 288 pages) : illustrations |
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Collana |
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WHO regional publications. European series, , 0378-2255 ; ; no. 87 |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Children - Europe - Nutrition |
Nutrition policy - Europe |
Diet therapy for children - Europe |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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At head of title: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical reference. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Intro -- Contents -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Recommendations -- Introduction -- WHY IS THIS PUBLICATION NEEDED AND FOR WHOM IS IT INTENDED? -- SOME DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH IN EUROPE -- THE CONTENTS OF THIS BOOK -- TERMINOLOGY -- ADAPTATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THESE GUIDELINES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 1 Health and nutritional status and feeding practices -- NUTRITION-RELATED HEALTH PROBLEMS IN YOUNG CHILDREN -- FEEDING PRACTICES AND RECOMMENDATIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 Recommended nutrient intakes -- INTRODUCTION -- RECOMMENDATIONS ARE DERIVED FROM REQUIREMENTS -- NOMENCLATURE OF RECOMMENDED NUTRIENT INTAKES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Energy and macronutrients -- ENERGY -- ENERGY DENSITY -- PROTEIN -- FAT -- CARBOHYDRATES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Vitamins -- VITAMIN A -- B VITAMINS -- VITAMIN C -- VITAMIN D -- REFERENCES -- Appendix -- Chapter 5 Minerals other than iron -- IODINE -- ZINC -- CALCIUM -- SODIUM -- REFERENCES -- Appendix -- Chapter 6 Control of iron deficiency -- |
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INTRODUCTION -- PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF IRON -- SYMPTOMS AND CONSEQUENCES OF IRON DEFICIENCY -- COMPLEMENTARY FOODS AND CONTROL OF IRON DEFICIENCY -- OTHER INTERVENTIONS TO CONTROL IRON DEFICIENCY -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 Breastfeeding and alternatives -- THE IMPORTANCE OF BREASTFEEDING -- NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING -- NON-NUTRITIONAL BENEFITS OF BREASTFEEDING -- IMPORTANCE OF MATERNAL NUTRITION -- PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF BREASTFEEDING -- HOW TO INCREASE THE DURATION AND INCIDENCE OF BREASTFEEDING -- CONTRAINDICATIONS TO BREASTFEEDING -- ALTERNATIVES TO BREASTFEEDING -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Complementary feeding -- WHAT IS COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING? -- PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND MATURATION -- WHY ARE COMPLEMENTARY FOODS NEEDED? -- WHEN SHOULD COMPLEMENTARY FOODS BE INTRODUCED? -- COMPOSITION OF COMPLEMENTARY FOODS. |
PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE INTRODUCTION OF COMPLEMENTARY FOODS -- WHAT ARE THE BEST FOODS TO PREPARE FOR INFANTS? -- SOME PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FOOD PREPARATION -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 Caring practices -- INTRODUCTION -- THE UNICEF CARE INITIATIVE AND NUTRITION -- FACTORS AFFECTING THE ABILITY OF CAREGIVERS TO CARRY OUT OPTIMUM FEEDING PRACTICES -- CARE FOR GIRLS AND WOMEN AND THE CONSEQUENCES -- FEEDING YOUNG CHILDREN -- PSYCHOSOCIAL CARE -- RESOURCES FOR CARE -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 10 Growth assessment -- INTRODUCTION -- HOW TO MEASURE GROWTH AND USE GROWTH CHARTS -- REFERENCE POPULATIONS -- INTERPRETATION OF MEASUREMENTS OF ATTAINED GROWTH -- CATCH-UP GROWTH -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 Dental health -- PREVALENCE OF DENTAL CARIES -- HOW CARIES ARE FORMED -- RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DIET AND DENTAL CARIES -- PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 Food safety -- INTRODUCTION -- MICROBIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION -- CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION -- REFERENCES -- Annex 1 The International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes and subsequent relevant resolutions of the World Health Assembly -- Annex 2 Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV -- Annex 3 Infant feeding in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Sets out the scientific rationale for the development of national nutrition and feeding recommendations for infants and young children in Europe. Although major emphasis is placed on recommended intakes for specific nutrients, the book also offers advice on a range of additional factors that contribute to good feeding practices and need to be addressed in national policies. Particular attention is given to conditions in countries of the former Soviet Union, where recommendations on infant nutrition and feeding practices are outdated and urgently require revision. Intended for use by policy-makers and nutrition experts in European countries, the book responds to a number of traditional dietary practices that have adverse effects on nutritional status, particularly in relation to iron deficiency anaemia. Recommendations and advice also take into account mounting evidence that optimum infant and young child feeding can reduce the risk of some of the most prevalent adult diseases, including cardiovascular disease, in European populations. The book has twelve chapters. The first outlines nutrition-related health problems in young children and reviews what is known about feeding practices, duration of exclusive breast-feeding, and introduction of complementary foods in countries of the former Soviet Union. Subsequent chapters set out recommended nutrient intakes for energy and macronutrients, |
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vitamins, and minerals. To provide a standard for assessing the adequacy of diets, recommended nutrient intakes issued by the European Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, and WHO are presented and compared. For each nutrient, recommended intakes are further explained through the inclusion of information on the nutrient's physiological function, food sources, requirements, and the health consequences of both insufficient and excessive intakes. A separate |
chapter is devoted to recommendations for the control of iron deficiency, which remains an important health problem throughout Europe. Breast-feeding and alternatives are covered in the most extensive chapter, which reviews the latest data on the many nutritional and non-nutritional benefits of breast-feeding, and discusses the importance of maternal nutrition, practical aspects of breast-feeding, and situations where alternatives may be preferable or necessary. Chapter eight, on complementary feeding, answers a number of questions about the physiological need for complementary foods and the timing of their introduction, and lists some of the best foods to prepare for infants. Subsequent chapters underscore the importance of caring practices as fundamental determinants of good nutrition and feeding, and offer advice on the interpretation of measures of attained growth as a tool for assessing nutritional status. A brief chapter on dental health explains the need to limit the intake of sugar, provide daily tooth care, and ensure appropriate fluoride intake. The book concludes with a chapter on food safety, which includes advice on the prevention of diarrhoea and food- and water-borne diseases. |
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