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Record Nr. |
UNINA9910800072103321 |
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Autore |
Andersen Stephen O. |
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Titolo |
Protecting the ozone layer : the United Nations history / / by Stephen O. Andersen and K. Madhava Sarma ; edited by Lani Sinclair |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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London ; ; Sterling, Va. : , : Earthscan Publications, , 2002 |
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ISBN |
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1-136-55923-X |
1-280-47576-5 |
1-136-55924-8 |
1-84977-226-6 |
9786610475766 |
600-00-0255-6 |
1-4175-2224-0 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (548 p.) |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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SarmaK. Madhava <1938-> |
SinclairLani |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Ozone layer depletion - Prevention - History - 20th century |
Atmospheric chemistry |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references (p. [451]-469) and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Front Cover; Protecting the Ozone Layer; Copyright Page; Contents; List of plates, figures, tables and boxes; About the authors; Foreword by Kofi A Annan; Preface by Klaus Töpfer; Acknowledgements; Introduction and reader's guide; Chapter 1: The science of ozone depletion: From theory to certainty; Introduction; Early theories: Scientists identify and name ozone; Modern scientists hypothesize threats to ozone; Discovering and measuring the Antarctic ozone 'hole'; International scientific teams link CFCs and ozone depletion |
First assessment, 1989: 1987 Protocol inadequate, total phase-outrequiredSecond assessment, 1991: Quicker phase-out possible, controlHCFCs and methyl bromide; Expedition finds significant depletion over the northern hemisphere; Third assessment, 1994: Mount Pinatubo volcano depletes ozone,Arctic ozone depletion confirmed; Fourth assessment, 1998: Montreal Protocol working, ODSs in theatmosphere peak in 1994; The ozone layer today; Chapter 2: |
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Diplomacy: The beginning, 1974-1987; Introduction; The World Plan of Action, 1977 |
Coordinating Committee on the Ozone Layer (CCOL) and the Ozone Layer BulletinsHarmonizing national policies, 1979-1981; The Governing Council sets up a negotiating group, 1981; Ad Hoc Working Group of Legal and Technical Experts, 1982; First draft convention and discussions, 1982; First specific proposal to control CFCs, 1983; Further negotiations, 1983-1985; The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, 1985; First comprehensive scientific assessment, 1985; Economic and environmental workshops, 1986; Negotiations on the protocol, 1986-1987; Focusing on the key questions |
The 'breakthrough' session, April 1987Seventh draft protocol, 1987, and country comments; The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1987; Chapter 3: Diplomacy: From strength to strength, 1988-1992; Introduction; Preparations for the entry into force of the Convention and the Protocol; Dissatisfaction of major developing countries; First Meeting of the Parties, Helsinki, 1989: Resolve to phase out by 2000; Preparatory work for the second Meeting of the Parties; Discussions on the financial mechanism, control measures and technology, 1990 |
Second Meeting of the Parties, London, 1990: Phase-out by 2000and US240 million fund approvedPreparatory work for the third Meeting of the Parties; Third Meeting of the Parties, Nairobi, 1991: Import of productswith CFCs banned from non-Parties; Further progress in 1991; Proposals to accelerate the phase-out; Multilateral Fund or Global Environment Facility?; Earth Summit, Rio de Janeiro, 1992; Opposition to methyl bromide controls; Faster phase-outs welcomed by industrialized countries; Incremental costs |
Fourth Meeting of the Parties, Copenhagen, 1992: HCFCs, methylbromide controlled, Fund confirmed |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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In the 1970s the world became aware of a huge danger: the destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer by CFCs escaping into the atmosphere, and the damage this could do to human health and the food chain. So great was the threat that by 1987 the UN had succeeded in coordinating an international treaty to phase out emissions; which, over the following 15 years has been implemented. It has been hailed as an outstanding success. It needed the participation of all the parties: governments, industry, scientists, campaigners, NGOs and the media, and is a model for future treaties. This volume provi |
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