Record Nr.

UNINA9910146075803321

Autore

Liang Shunlin

Titolo

Quantitative remote sensing of land surfaces [[electronic resource] /] / Shunlin Liang

Pubbl/distr/stampa


Hoboken, N.J., : Wiley-Interscience, c2004

ISBN

1-280-25291-X

9786610252916

0-470-34800-3

0-471-72371-1

0-471-72372-X

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (562 p.)

Collana

Wiley series in remote sensing

Disciplina

550.287

550/.28/7

624.151

Soggetti

Earth sciences - Remote sensing

Environmental sciences - Remote sensing

Remote sensing

Electronic books.

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

QUANTITATIVE REMOTE SENSING OF LAND SURFACES; Contents; Preface; Acronyms; CHAPTER 1 Introduction; 1.1 Quantitative Models in Optical Remote Sensing; 1.2 Basic Concepts; 1.2.1 Digital Numbers; 1.2.2 Radiance; 1.2.3 Solid Angle; 1.2.4 lrradiance; 1.2.5 Bidirectional Reflectances and Albedos; 1.2.6 Extraterrestrial Solar lrradiance; 1.3 Remote Sensing Modeling System; 1.3.1 Scene Generation; 1.3.2 Scene Radiation Modeling; 1.3.3 Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Modeling; 1.3.4 Navigation Modeling; 1.3.5 Sensor Modeling; 1.3.5.1 Spectral Response; 1.3.5.2 Spatial Response

1.3.6 Mapping and Binning1.4 Summary; References; CHAPTER 2 Atmospheric Shortwave Radiative Transfer Modeling; 2.1 Radiative Transfer Equation .; 2.2 Surface Statistical BRDF Models; 2.2.1 Minnaert Function; 2.2.2 Lommel-Seeliger Function; 2.2.3 Walthall Function; 2.2.4 Staylor-Suttles Function; 2.2.5 Rahman Function; 2.2.6 Kernel

Functions; 2.3 Atmospheric Optical Properties; 2.3.1 Rayleigh Scattering; 2.3.2 Mie Scattering; 2.3.3 Aerosol Particle Size Distributions; 2.3.4 Gas Absorption; 2.3.5 Aerosol Climatology; 2.4 Solving Radiative Transfer Equations; 2.4.1 Radiation Field Decomposition

2.4.2 Numerical Solutions2.4.2.1 Method of Successive Orders of Scattering; 2.4.2.2 Method of Discrete Ordinates; 2.4.3 Approximate Solutions: Two-Stream Algorithms; 2.4.4 Representative Radiative Transfer Solvers (Software Packages); 2.5 Approximate Representation for Incorporating Surface BRDF; 2.6 Summary; References; CHAPTER 3 Canopy Reflectance Modeling; 3.1 Canopy Radiative Transfer Formulation; 3.1.1 Canopy Configuration; 3.1.2 One-Dimensional Radiative Transfer Formulation; 3.1.3 Boundary Conditions; 3.1.4 Hotspot Effects; 3.1.5 Formulations for Heterogeneous Canopies

3.2 Leaf Optical Models3.2.1 "Plate" Models; 3.2.2 Needleleaf Models; 3.2.3 Ray Tracing Models; 3.2.4 Stochastic Models; 3.2.5 Turbid Medium Models; 3.3 Solving Radiative Transfer Equations; 3.3.1 Approximate Solutions; 3.3.1.1 Models Based on KM Theory; 3.3.1.2 Decomposition of the Canopy Radiation Field; 3.3.1.3 Approximation of Multiple Scattering; 3.3.2 Numerical Solutions: Gauss-Seidel Algorithm; 3.4 Geometric Optical Models; 3.5 Computer Simulation Models; 3.5.1 Monte Carlo Ray Tracing Models; 3.5.1.1 Forward and Reverse Ray Tracing; 3.5.1.2 Canopy Scene Generation

3.5.1.3 A Forest Ray Tracing Algorithm3.5.1.4 Botanical Plant Modeling System Model; 3.5.1.5 SPRINT Model; 3.5.2 Radiosity Models; 3.5.2.1 Generating the 3D Scene; 3.5.2.2 Calculating the Emission for All Surfaces in the Scene; 3.5.2.3 Computing the View Factors; 3.5.2.4 Solving the Radiosity Equation; 3.5.2.5 Rendering the Scene for a Given Viewpoint and Calculating BRF; 3.5.2.6 Applications; 3.6 Summary; References; CHAPTER 4 Soil and Snow Reflectance Modeling; 4.1 Single Scattering Properties of Snow and Soil; 4.1.1 Optical Properties of Snow; 4.1.2 Optical Properties of Soils

4.2 Multiple Scattering Solutions for Angular Reflectance from Snow and Soil

Sommario/riassunto

Processing the vast amounts of data on the Earth's land surface environment generated by NASA's and other international satellite programs is a significant challenge. Filling a gap between the theoretical, physically-based modelling and specific applications, this in-depth study presents practical quantitative algorithms for estimating various land surface variables from remotely sensed observations.A concise review of the basic principles of optical remote sensing as well as practical algorithms for estimating land surface variables quantitatively from remotely sensed observations.Emp

Record Nr.

UNINA9910798231403321

Autore

Mitrova Tatiana

Titolo

Shifting political economy of Russian oil and gas / / author, Tatiana Mitrova ; foreword, Sarah O. Ladislaw

Pubbl/distr/stampa


Lanham : , : Rowman & Littlefield, , 2016

ISBN

1-4422-5927-2

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (61 p.)

Collana

CSIS reports

Disciplina

338.27280947

Soggetti

Petroleum - Russia (Federation)

Natural gas - Russia (Federation)

Petroleum industry and trade - Russia (Federation)

Gas industry - Russia (Federation)

Oil fields - Russia (Federation)

Russia (Federation)