1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910797496203321

Autore

Sommer Matthew Harvey <1961->

Titolo

Polyandry and wife-selling in Qing dynasty China : survival strategies and judicial interventions / / Matthew H. Sommer

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Oakland, California : , : University of California Press, , [2015]

©2015

ISBN

0-520-96219-2

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (493 p.)

Disciplina

306.0951/09032

Soggetti

Married women - China - Social conditions

Polyandry - China

Rural poor - China

China Social conditions 1644-1912

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Polyandry. "Getting a husband to support a husband". Attitudes of families, communities, and women toward polyandry. The intermediate range of practice -- Wife-selling. Anatomy of a wife sale. Analysis of prices in wife sales. Negotiations between men in wife sales. Wives, natal families, and children. Four variations on a theme -- Polyandry and wife-selling in Qing law. Formal law and central court interpretation from Ming through high Qing. Absolutism versus pragmatism in central court treatment of wife sales. Flexible adjudication of routine cases in the local courts.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Nota di contenuto

Front matter -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- CONVENTIONS IN THE TEXT -- MAP: Provinces of China Proper within the Qing Empire, circa 1800 -- Introduction -- 1. "Getting a Husband to Support a Husband" -- 2. Attitudes of Families, Communities, and Women toward Polyandry -- 3. The Intermediate Range of Practice -- 4. Anatomy of a Wife Sale -- 5. Analysis of the Prices in Wife Sales -- 6. Negotiations between Men over Wife Sales -- 7. Wives, Their Natal Families, and Children -- 8. Four Variations on a Theme -- 9. Formal Law and Central Court Interpretation from Ming through High Qing -- 10. Absolutism versus Pragmatism in Central Court Treatment of Wife Sales -- 11. Flexible Adjudication of Routine Cases in the Local Courts -- Conclusion -- APPENDICES -- CHARACTER LIST -- NOTES --



REFERENCES -- INDEX

Sommario/riassunto

"This book is a study of polyandry, wife-selling, and a variety of related practices in China during the Qing dynasty (1644-1912). By analyzing over 1200 legal cases from local and central court archives, Matthew Sommer explores the functions played by marriage, sex, and reproduction in the survival strategies of the rural poor under conditions of overpopulation, worsening sex ratios, and shrinking farm sizes. Polyandry and wife-selling represented opposite ends of a spectrum of strategies. At one end, polyandry was a means to keep the family together by expanding it. A woman would bring in a second husband in exchange for his help supporting her family. In contrast, wife sale was a means to survive by breaking up a family: a husband would secure an emergency infusion of cash while his wife would escape poverty and secure a fresh start with another man. Even though Qing law prohibited both practices under the rubric "illicit sexual relations," Sommer shows how magistrates charged with propagating and enforcing a fundamentalist Confucian vision of female chastity tried to cope with their social reality in the face of daunting poverty. This contradiction illuminates both the pragmatism of routine adjudication and the increasingly dysfunctional nature of the dynastic state in the face of mounting social crisis. By casting a spotlight on the rural poor and the experiences of both men and women, Sommer provides an alternative to the standard paradigms of women's history that have long dominated scholarship on gender and sexuality in late imperial China."--Provided by publisher.



2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910674052003321

Autore

Klemeš Jiří Jaromír

Titolo

Selected Papers from PRES 2018 : The 21st Conference on Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Basel, Switzerland, : MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute, 2020

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (494 p.)

Soggetti

Research & information: general

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Sommario/riassunto

The depletion of natural energy resources provides evidential adverse impacts on world economy functionality. The strong requirement of a sustainable energy supply has escalated intensive research and the discovery of cleaner energy sources, as well as efficient energy management practices. In the context of a circular economy, this research not only targets the optimisation of resources utilisation at different stages but also emphasises the eco-design of products to extend production life spans. Based on this concept, this book discusses the roles of process integration approaches, renewable energy sources utilisation and design modifications in addressing the process energy and exergy efficiency improvement. The primary focus is to enhance the economic and environmental performance through process analysis, modelling and optimisation. The articles mainly show the contribution of each aspect: (a) design and numerical study for innovative energy-efficient technologies, (b) process integration-heat and power, (c) process energy efficiency or emission analysis, and (d) optimisation of renewable energy resources' supply chain. The articles are based on the latest contribution of this journal's Special Issues in the 21st conference entitled "Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction (PRES)". This book is complemented with an editorial review to highlight the broader



state-of-the-art development.