Conterminous United States Mineral-Resource Assessment Program : background information to accompany folios of geologic and mineral-resource maps of the Harrison 1⁰ x 2⁰ quadrangle, Missouri and Arkansas, and the Joplin 1⁰ x 2⁰ quadrangle, Kansas

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910690223303321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Washington
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia

Greenhouse gas emissions from international aviation : legal and policy challenges / / Alejandro José Piera

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910796910403321
• Autore: Piera Alejandro José
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hague, Netherlands : , : Eleven International Publishing, , 2015; ©2015
• ISBN: 94-6274-143-3
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (512 p.)
• Collana: Essential Air and Space Law ; ; 14
• Classificazione: 86.95
• Disciplina: 363.73874
• Soggetti: Greenhouse gases - Environmental aspects; Greenhouse gas mitigation
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Table of Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Introduction; 1 Setting the Scene; 1.1 Understanding the Problem; 1.1.1 Aviation Market Outlook and Economic Contribution; 1.1.2 Aviation under Siege; 1.1.3 Climate Change; 1.1.4 Aviation and Climate Change; 1.1.5 The "Only 2 Percent" Exculpation Argument; 1.1.6 The "Communication Problem" Defense; 1.1.7 The All-Mighty Technological Efficiencies; 1.1.8 Alternative Fuels; 1.1.9 Aviation's Fuel Factor: Is Regulation Needed After All?; 1.2 International Legal Regime; 1.2.1 ; UNFCCC/Kyoto Protocol; 1.2.2 The EU ETS; 1.3 The Political Dimension: A Small Piece within a Bigger Puzzle1.3.1 The Problems with Lack of Progress; 1.3.2 Exogenous Threats; 1.4 Conclusion; 2 Aviation and Climate Change: A Case of Fragmentation of International Law; 2.1 The Interaction between International Aviation and the Climate Change Regime; 2.1.1 The Kyoto Protocol; 2.1.2 ICAO and Climate Change: Some Unanswered Questions; 2.1.3 The CBDR/Non-Discrimination Saga; 2.2 From Theory to What Happens in Practice; 2.2.1 Understanding Non-Discrimination; 2.2.2 Understanding CBDR; 2.3 A Look into Fragmentation of International Law; 2.3.1 The ILC Report on Fragmentation of International Law2.4 Applying VCLT Rules to the CBDR/Non-Discrimination Saga; 2.4.1 Systemic Integration and ICAO; 2.5 Attempts to Accommodate the Special Needs of Developing Countries; 2.5.1 The De Minimis Principle; 2.5.1.1 The 2010 De Minimis Proposal; 2.5.1.2 The 38th Assembly: A Similar De Minimis Proposal; 2.5.2 Reinventing CBDR: ICAO's SCRC; 2.5.2.1 What Is the Difference?; 2.5.2.2 Why Has SCRC Not Worked?; 2.5.3 CBDR Finally Arrives at ICAO through the Back Door; 2.6 Toward a New Approach: Reconciling Principles; 2.6.1 CBDR Is Not Static; 2.6.2 Avoiding Isolation2.6.3 Reconciling CBDR with Non-Discrimination; 2.6.4 From Theory to Practice: Some Design Elements to Consider; 2.7 Conclusion; 3 The International Civil Aviation Organization; 3.1 ICAO's Institutional Setting; 3.1.1 Objectives; 3.1.2 Governing Structure; 3.1.3 Constituency; 3.1.4 ICAO's Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP); 3.1.5 Industry Participation; 3.1.6 NGO Participation; 3.2 ICAO and Climate Change; 3.2.1 Historical Background; 3.2.2 The Long Road to the CO2 Standard; 3.2.3 State Action Plans; 3.2.4 Aspirational Goals; 3.2.5 A Framework for MBMs3.2.6 A Global Scheme for MBMs; 3.3 Conclusion; 4 The Inclusion of International Aviation in the EU ETS; 4.1 The EU ETS; 4.1.1 Background; 4.1.2 EU ETS and Aviation; 4.1.3 Calculation of Emissions; 4.1.4 Distribution of Allowances: Surrendering of Allowances; 4.1.5 Emission Credit Units (ECUs); 4.1.6 Generation and Use of Revenues; 4.1.7 Cost or Windfall Gains?; 4.2 International Opposition; 4.2.1 Judicial Attacks: A4A's Legal Challenge; 4.2.2 Political Statements: From New Delhi to Moscow; 4.2.2.1 The New Delhi Declaration; 4.2.2.2 ICAO Council Declaration of 2 November 2011
• Sommario/riassunto: While the aviation sector has introduced a number of technological and operational measures to curb its greenhouse gas emissions, these will not offset the emissions expected from its projected growth. This book examines the legal framework underlying the international aviation and climate change discourse. It analyzes the suitability of the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) institutional setting to address climate change and provides a critical assessment of the European Union Emission Trading Scheme. Finally, the book makes several recommendations to facilitate the adoption,