American English : Dialects and Variation

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910795808403321
• Autore: Wolfram Walt
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Hoboken : , : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, , 2015; ©2014
• ISBN: 9781118391433; 9781118390221
• Edizione: [3rd ed.]
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (457 pages)
• Collana: Language in Society Ser. ; ; v.45
• Altri autori (Persone): SchillingNatalie
• Disciplina: 427/.973
• Soggetti: English language -- Dialects -- United States; English language -- Variation -- United States; Americanisms; Electronic books.
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Companion Website -- List of Figures -- Preface -- Phonetic Symbols -- Chapter 1 Dialects, Standards, and Vernaculars -- 1.1 Defining Dialect -- 1.2 Dialect: The Popular Viewpoint -- 1.3 Dialect Myths and Linguistic Reality -- 1.4 Standards and Vernaculars -- 1.5 Language Descriptivism and Prescriptivism -- 1.6 Vernacular Dialects -- 1.7 Labeling Vernacular Dialects -- 1.8 Why Study Dialects? -- 1.9 A Tradition of Study -- 1.10 Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 2 Why Dialects? -- 2.1 Sociohistorical Explanation -- 2.1.1 Settlement -- 2.1.2 Migration -- 2.1.3 Geographical factors -- 2.1.4 Language contact -- 2.1.5 Economic ecology -- 2.1.6 Social stratification -- 2.1.7 Social interaction, social practices, and speech communities -- 2.1.8 Group and individual identity -- 2.2 Linguistic Explanation -- 2.2.1 Rule extension -- 2.2.2 Analogy -- 2.2.3 Transparency and grammaticalization -- 2.2.4 Pronunciation principles -- 2.2.5 Words and word meanings -- 2.3 The Final Product -- 2.4 Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 3 Levels of Dialect -- 3.1 Lexical Differences -- 3.2 Slang -- 3.3 Phonological Differences -- 3.4 Grammatical Differences -- 3.5 Language Use and Pragmatics -- 3.6 Further ; Reading -- References -- Chapter 4 Dialects in the United States: Past, Present, and Future -- 4.1 The First English(es) in America -- 4.1.1 Jamestown -- 4.1.2 Boston -- 4.1.3 Philadelphia -- 4.1.4 Charleston -- 4.1.5 New Orleans -- 4.2 Earlier American English: The Colonial Period -- 4.3 American English Extended -- 4.4 The Westward Expansion of English -- 4.5 The Present and Future State of American English -- 4.6 Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 5 Regional Varieties of English -- 5.1 Eliciting Regional Dialect Forms -- 5.2 Mapping Regional Variants -- 5.3 The Distribution of Dialect Forms.; 5.4 Dialect Diffusion -- 5.5 Perceptual Dialectology -- 5.6 Region and Place -- 5.7 Further Reading -- Websites -- References -- Chapter 6 Social Varieties of American English -- 6.1 Social Status and Class -- 6.2 Beyond Social Class -- 6.3 Indexing Social Meanings through Language Variation -- 6.4 The Patterning of Social Differences in Language -- 6.5 Linguistic Constraints on Variability -- 6.6 The Social Evaluation of Linguistic Features -- 6.7 Social Class and Language Change -- 6.8 Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 7 Ethnicity and American English -- 7.1 Ethnic Varieties and Ethnolinguistic Repertoire -- 7.2 Patterns of Ethnolinguistic Variation -- 7.3 Latino English -- 7.4 Cajun English -- 7.5 Lumbee English -- 7.6 Jewish American English -- 7.7 Asian American English -- 7.8 Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 8 African American English -- 8.1 Defining the English of African Americans -- 8.2 The Relationship between European American and African American English -- 8.3 The Origin and Early Development of African American English -- 8.3.1 The Anglicist Hypothesis -- 8.3.2 The Creolist Hypothesis -- 8.3.3 A Note on Creole Exceptionalism -- 8.3.4 The Neo-Anglicist Hypothesis -- 8.3.5 The Substrate Hypothesis -- 8.4 The Contemporary Development of African American Speech -- 8.5 Conclusion -- 8.6 Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 9 Gender and Language Variation -- 9.1 Gender-based Patterns of Variation -- 9.2 Explaining General Patterns -- 9.3 Localized Expressions of Gender Relations -- 9.4 Communities of Practice: Linking the Local and the Global -- 9.5 Gender and Language Use -- 9.5.1 The "Female Deficit" Approach -- 9.5.2 The "Cultural Difference" Approach -- 9.5.3 The "Dominance" Approach -- 9.6 Investigating Gender Diversity -- 9.7 Talking about Men and Women -- 9.7.1 Generic he and man -- 9.7.2 Family names and addresses.; 9.7.3 Relationships of association -- 9.7.4 Labeling -- 9.8 The Question of Language Reform -- 9.9 Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 10 Dialects and Style -- 10.1 Types of Style Shifting -- 10.2 Attention to Speech -- 10.2.1 The patterning of stylistic variation across social groups -- 10.2.2 Limitations of the attention to speech approach -- 10.3 Audience Design -- 10.3.1 The effects of audience on speech style -- 10.3.2 Questions concerning audience design -- 10.4 Speaker Design Approaches -- 10.4.1 Three approaches to style, "three waves" of quantitative sociolinguistic study -- 10.4.2 Studying stylistic variation from a speaker-design perspective -- 10.5 Further Considerations -- 10.6 Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 11 The Application of Dialect Study -- 11.1 Dialects and Assessment Testing -- 11.1.1 "Correctness" in assessing language achievement and development -- 11.1.2 Testing linguistic knowledge -- 11.1.3 Using language to test other knowledge -- 11.1.4 The testing situation -- 11.2 Teaching Mainstream American English -- 11.2.1 What standard? -- 11.2.2 Approaches to MAE -- 11.2.3 Can MAE be taught? -- 11.3 Further Reading -- References -- Chapter 12 Dialect Awareness: Extending Application -- 12.1 Dialects and Reading -- 12.2 Dialect Influence in Written Language -- 12.3 Literary Dialect -- 12.4 Proactive ; Dialect Awareness Programs -- 12.5 Venues of Engagement -- 12.6 A Curriculum on Dialects -- 12.7 Scrutinizing Sociolinguistic Engagement -- 12.8 Further Reading -- Websites -- References -- Appendix: An Inventory of Distinguishing Dialect Features -- Phonological Features -- Consonants -- Grammatical Features -- The Verb Phrase -- Adverbs -- Negation -- Nouns and Pronouns -- Other Grammatical Structures -- References -- Glossary -- Reference -- Index -- EULA.