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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910795550403321 |
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Autore |
Decker Scott H. |
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Titolo |
On Gangs / / Scott H. Decker, David C. Pyrooz, and James A. Densley |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : , : Temple University Press, , [2022] |
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©2022 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (490 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Introduction -- The Origins of On Gangs -- The Structure of On Gangs --Acknowledgments -- Part I: Core Issues -- Chapter 1: Defining Gangs, Gang Members, and Gang Crime -- Defining a Gang -- Defining a Gang Member -- Defining a Gang Crime -- Counting Gangs, Gang Members, and Gang Crimes -- History and Trends in Gangs and Gang Behaviors -- Correlates of Gang Involvement -- Demographics -- Social Ecology and Socioeconomic Status -- Conclusion -- Chapter 2: Structure, Culture, and Gangs in Communities -- The Unequal Distribution of Gang Activity: A Tale of Two Communities -- Emergence and Persistence of Gangs in Communities: An Organizing Framework -- Social Disorganization Theory -- Underclass Theory -- Anomie Theory -- Subcultural Theory -- Empirical Research on Gangs in Communities -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3: Gang Structure and Organization -- The Organizational Structure of Gangs -- The Features and Characteristics of Gangs -- Gang Leaders -- Gang Rules -- Gang Roles-- Gang Meetings -- Gang Money -- Comparing Gangs to Other Criminal Groups -- Gangs and Terrorist Groups -- Gangs and Organized Crime Groups -- Gangs and Drug Smugglers -- Gangs and Governance -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4: Joining the Gang -- A Life-Course Perspective on Gang Membership -- Gang Embeddedness -- Why do Some People End Up in Gangs When Others Do Not? -- Criminal Propensity Theory -- Social Bond Theory -- General Strain Theory -- Social Learning Theory -- Gang Membership Trait Theory -- Gang Membership Integrated Theories -- Signaling Theory -- Risk Factors and Empirical |
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Support for Micro-Level Theories -- Why Do Youth Join Gangs? -- How Do Youth Join Gangs? -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5: Continuity and Change in Gang Membership -- Defining Persistence and Disengagement -- Continuity in Gang Membership -- Duration of Gang Membership -- Sources of Continuity in Gang Membership -- Disengagement from Gangs -- Conceptual Framework -- Why Do People Leave Gangs?-- How do People Leave Gangs? -- Conclusion -- Chapter 6: Gangs, Crime, and Violence -- Overrepresentation of Gang Members as Offenders and Victims -- Drug Use -- Drug Dealing -- Gun Ownership and Carrying -- Victimization -- Theoretical Models of Gang Membership, Crime, and Victimization -- Thornberry et al.'s Selection, Facilitation, and Enhancement Models -- State of the Evidence on Theoretical Models -- Controversy over Findings on Victimization -- Group Process and the Enhancement Effect -- Opportunity Structures -- Normative Influence -- Status Concerns -- Collective Behavior -- Gangs, Networks, and The Cycle of Violence -- Conclusion -- Part II: Emerging and Critical Issues -- Chapter 7: Women, Gender, and Gangs -- The Scope of Female Gang Involvement -- Perspectives on Females and Gangs: Liberated, Exploited, or Marginalized? -- The Marginalization Hypothesis: Frederic Thrasher and Female Invisibility -- The Liberation Hypothesis: Anne Campbell and Female Autonomy-- The Social Injury Hypothesis: Joan Moore and Female Exploitation -- Where do The Molls Stand? -- Girls in the Gang -- Pathways into Gang Membership -- Life in the Gang -- Leaving the Gang -- Masculinities, Gender, and Gangs -- Conclusion -- Chapter 8: Race, Ethnicity, and Gangs -- The Racialized Construction of Criminal Gangs -- The Prevalence of Gang Membership by Race and Ethnicity -- Racial and Ethnic Homophily in Gangs -- Immigration and Gang Formation -- Racism and Gang Formation -- (Sub)Culture, Migration, Appropriation, and Gangs -- Conclusion -- Chapter 9: Gangs Around the World -- Gangs in Europe (and Beyond) -- Gangs in The United Kingdom -- Gangs in Canada -- Gangs in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Gangs in Africa, Asia, and Oceania -- Conclusion -- Chapter 10: Gangs and Social Institutions -- Gangs and the Family -- Gangs in Schools -- Gangs and the Labor Market -- Gangs and Politics -- Gangs and Religion -- Gangs, Media, and Technology-- Is the Gang a Social Institution? -- Has the Gang Become a Family? -- Do Gangs "Run" Public Schools? -- Do Gangs Replace Conventional Employment? -- Conclusion -- Part III: Responding to Gangs -- Chapter 11: Policing Gangs -- The Police Role in Gang Prevention -- The Police Role in Gang Suppression -- Policing Gangs Beyond Suppression -- Police Gang Units -- Police Gang Databases -- Conclusion -- Chapter 12: Gangs and Gang Members in Prison -- Defining and Measuring Gangs and Gang Membership in Prison -- The Contested Emergence and Proliferation of Gangs in Prison -- Theories of Prison Gang Emergence -- The Characteristics of Prison Gangs -- Transitions in Prison Gang Membership -- Joining Gangs in Prison -- Avoiding Gangs in Prison -- Leaving Gangs in Prison -- Offending and Victimization in Prison -- Responding to Prison Gangs -- Gang Members, Reentry, and Recidivism -- Conclusion -- Chapter 13: Anti-Gang Legislation and Legal Responses -- The Purpose of Anti-Gang Legislation-- Targeted Gang Legislation -- Defining Gang Activity -- Shared Gang Databases -- Gang Sentencing Enhancements -- Gang Participation and Recruitment -- Repurposed Gang Legislation -- Criminal Enterprise Laws -- Public Nuisance Laws -- Auxiliary Gang Legislation: The 1994 Crime Bill -- Gangs and the Courtroom -- Conclusion -- Chapter 14: What Works, What Doesn't, and How do we Know? -- What Works and Best Practices in Gang Intervention -- Gang Response Strategies -- Community |
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Organization -- Social Intervention -- Opportunities Provision -- Suppression -- Organizational Development and Change -- Prevention -- The Legacy of Irving Spergel and the Comprehensive Gang Strategy -- Hybrid Programs -- Assessing the Gang Intervention Findings -- Assessing a "Promising Practice": A Case of Implementation Failure -- Continuing Issues in Responding to Gangs -- Delinquency Programs or Gang Programs? -- Denial -- The Role of Gang Members in Responding to Gang Crime Problems-- Variation and Change in Gang Crime Problems -- Connecting Practice to Theory -- Conclusion. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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"This book introduces readers to the study of gangs, including key concepts and findings, competing theoretical approaches, emerging and persistent issues and questions, and strategies for addressing gangs"-- |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910779396503321 |
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Titolo |
Corneal healing responses to injuries and refractive surgeries / / editor, T. Nishida |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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The Hague : , : Kugler Publications, , 1998 |
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©1998 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (151 pages) : illustrations |
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Altri autori (Persone) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Cornea - Diseases |
Cornea - Surgery |
Eye - Refractive errors - Surgery |
Keratotomy, Radial |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Papers presented at the Santen International Symposium. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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PREFACE; CONTRIBUTORS; CORNEAL EPITHELIAL WOUND HEALING; PHENOTYPIC CHANGES OF CELL ACTIVITY DURING CORNEAL WOUND HEALING; GROWTH FACTORS AND CYTOKINES IN CORNEAL WOUND |
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HEALING; REGULATION OF EPITHELIAL CELL PROLIFERATION DURING CORNEAL REPAIR; SPARC: A CONTRACTION-STIMULATING FACTOR DERIVED FROM CORNEAL EPITHELIAL CELLS; REGULATING OF LIMBAL EPITHELIAL STEM CELLS; CORNEAL AND CONJUNCTIVAL EPITHELIAL STEM CELLS PLAY A CENTRAL ROLE IN THE RESPONSE OF ANTERIOROCULAR SURFACE EPITHELIA TO INJURIES; ALTERATIONS IN EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX INEXPERIMENTAL ALKALI BURN OF THE CORNEA |
WOUND HEALING RESPONSES IN TEAR FLUID AFTER PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY CORNEAL RESPONSES TO THE EXCIMER LASER; CORNEAL WOUND HEALING RESPONSES TO REFRACTIVE SURGERY; KERATOCYTE APOPTOSIS: INITIATION OF WOUND HEALING FOLLOWING REFRACTIVE SURGICAL PROCEDURES; INDEX OF AUTHORS |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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PrefaceThe Santen International Symposium ""Corneal Healing Responses to Injuries and Refractive Surgeries"", was held to bring together those working in the field of corneal disorders and refractive surgeries to provide them with a forum in which the latest developments could be presented and discussed. Over the last decade, the crystal clear and transparent corneas have been challenged by various types of surgical insult to correct refractive errors. These Proceedings provide a comprehensive coverage of the material covered in this Symposium, allowing the reader to remain up-to-date. |
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3. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910786647403321 |
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Autore |
Thornton Bruce S. |
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Titolo |
Democracy's dangers and discontents : the tyranny of the majority from the Greeks to Obama / / Bruce S. Thornton |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Stanford, California : , : Hoover Institution Press, , 2014 |
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©2014 |
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ISBN |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (209 p.) |
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Collana |
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Hoover Institution press publication Democracy's dangers & discontents |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Democracy - 20th century |
Democracy - 21st century |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Description based upon print version of record. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Front Cover; Title; Copyright; Dedication; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Introduction: The Triumph of Democracy and the Antidemocratic Tradition; 1 The Monitory Failures of Athenian Democracy; 2 The Antidemocratic Tradition and the American Founding; 3 Democracy and Leviathan; Conclusion: Restoring Limited Government; Bibliography; About the Author; About the Hoover Institution's Working Group on the Role of Military History in Contemporary Conflict; Index |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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<P style=""MARGIN: 0in 0in 0pt"" class=MsoNormal>By democracy we usually mean a government comprising popular rule, individual human rights and freedom, and a free-market economy. Yet the flaws in traditional Athenian democracy can instruct us on the weaknesses of that first element of modern democracies shared with Athens: rule by all citizens equally. In <I>Democracy's Dangers & Discontents</I>, Bruce Thornton discusses those criticisms first aired by ancient critics of Athenian democracy, then traces the historical process by which the Republic of the founders has evolved into something sim |
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