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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNISA996465927903316 |
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Titolo |
Automated Deduction in Geometry [[electronic resource] ] : 4th International Workshop, ADG 2002, Hagenberg Castle, Austria, September 4-6, 2002, Revised Papers / / edited by Franz Winkler |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Berlin, Heidelberg : , : Springer Berlin Heidelberg : , : Imprint : Springer, , 2004 |
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ISBN |
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1-280-30680-7 |
9786610306800 |
3-540-24616-9 |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 2004.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (VII, 229 p.) |
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Collana |
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Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence ; ; 2930 |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Geometry |
Artificial intelligence |
Mathematical logic |
Computer science—Mathematics |
Computer graphics |
Pattern recognition |
Artificial Intelligence |
Mathematical Logic and Formal Languages |
Discrete Mathematics in Computer Science |
Computer Graphics |
Pattern Recognition |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Algorithmic Tests for the Normal Crossing Property -- The Projection of Quasi Variety and Its Application on Geometric Theorem Proving and Formula Deduction -- Using Computer Algebra Tools to Classify Serial Manipulators -- MMP/Geometer – A Software Package for Automated Geometric Reasoning -- The SymbolicData GEO Records – A Public Repository of Geometry Theorem Proof Schemes -- A New Structural Rigidity for Geometric Constraint Systems -- Algebraic Representation, |
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Elimination and Expansion in Automated Geometric Theorem Proving -- The Nonsolvability by Radicals of Generic 3-connected Planar Graphs -- Function-Based Shape Modeling: Mathematical Framework and Specialized Language -- C 1 Spline Implicitization of Planar Curves -- Analysis of Geometrical Theorems in Coordinate-Free Form by Using Anticommutative Gröbner Bases Method -- GEOTHER 1.1: Handling and Proving Geometric Theorems Automatically -- Distance Coordinates Used in Geometric Constraint Solving. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Automated Deduction in Geometry, ADG 2002, held at Hagenberg Castle, Austria in September 2002. The 13 revised full papers presented were carefully selected during two rounds of reviewing and improvement. Among the issues addressed are theoretical and methodological topics, such as the resolution of singularities, algebraic geometry and computer algebra; various geometric theorem proving systems are explored; and applications of automated deduction in geometry are demonstrated in fields like computer-aided design and robotics. |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910795550403321 |
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Autore |
Decker Scott H. |
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Titolo |
On Gangs / / Scott H. Decker, David C. Pyrooz, and James A. Densley |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : , : Temple University Press, , [2022] |
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©2022 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (490 pages) |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Introduction -- The Origins of On Gangs -- The Structure of On Gangs --Acknowledgments -- Part I: Core Issues -- Chapter 1: Defining Gangs, Gang Members, and Gang Crime -- Defining a Gang -- Defining a Gang Member -- Defining a Gang Crime -- Counting Gangs, Gang |
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Members, and Gang Crimes -- History and Trends in Gangs and Gang Behaviors -- Correlates of Gang Involvement -- Demographics -- Social Ecology and Socioeconomic Status -- Conclusion -- Chapter 2: Structure, Culture, and Gangs in Communities -- The Unequal Distribution of Gang Activity: A Tale of Two Communities -- Emergence and Persistence of Gangs in Communities: An Organizing Framework -- Social Disorganization Theory -- Underclass Theory -- Anomie Theory -- Subcultural Theory -- Empirical Research on Gangs in Communities -- Conclusion -- Chapter 3: Gang Structure and Organization -- The Organizational Structure of Gangs -- The Features and Characteristics of Gangs -- Gang Leaders -- Gang Rules -- Gang Roles-- Gang Meetings -- Gang Money -- Comparing Gangs to Other Criminal Groups -- Gangs and Terrorist Groups -- Gangs and Organized Crime Groups -- Gangs and Drug Smugglers -- Gangs and Governance -- Conclusion -- Chapter 4: Joining the Gang -- A Life-Course Perspective on Gang Membership -- Gang Embeddedness -- Why do Some People End Up in Gangs When Others Do Not? -- Criminal Propensity Theory -- Social Bond Theory -- General Strain Theory -- Social Learning Theory -- Gang Membership Trait Theory -- Gang Membership Integrated Theories -- Signaling Theory -- Risk Factors and Empirical Support for Micro-Level Theories -- Why Do Youth Join Gangs? -- How Do Youth Join Gangs? -- Conclusion -- Chapter 5: Continuity and Change in Gang Membership -- Defining Persistence and Disengagement -- Continuity in Gang Membership -- Duration of Gang Membership -- Sources of Continuity in Gang Membership -- Disengagement from Gangs -- Conceptual Framework -- Why Do People Leave Gangs?-- How do People Leave Gangs? -- Conclusion -- Chapter 6: Gangs, Crime, and Violence -- Overrepresentation of Gang Members as Offenders and Victims -- Drug Use -- Drug Dealing -- Gun Ownership and Carrying -- Victimization -- Theoretical Models of Gang Membership, Crime, and Victimization -- Thornberry et al.'s Selection, Facilitation, and Enhancement Models -- State of the Evidence on Theoretical Models -- Controversy over Findings on Victimization -- Group Process and the Enhancement Effect -- Opportunity Structures -- Normative Influence -- Status Concerns -- Collective Behavior -- Gangs, Networks, and The Cycle of Violence -- Conclusion -- Part II: Emerging and Critical Issues -- Chapter 7: Women, Gender, and Gangs -- The Scope of Female Gang Involvement -- Perspectives on Females and Gangs: Liberated, Exploited, or Marginalized? -- The Marginalization Hypothesis: Frederic Thrasher and Female Invisibility -- The Liberation Hypothesis: Anne Campbell and Female Autonomy-- The Social Injury Hypothesis: Joan Moore and Female Exploitation -- Where do The Molls Stand? -- Girls in the Gang -- Pathways into Gang Membership -- Life in the Gang -- Leaving the Gang -- Masculinities, Gender, and Gangs -- Conclusion -- Chapter 8: Race, Ethnicity, and Gangs -- The Racialized Construction of Criminal Gangs -- The Prevalence of Gang Membership by Race and Ethnicity -- Racial and Ethnic Homophily in Gangs -- Immigration and Gang Formation -- Racism and Gang Formation -- (Sub)Culture, Migration, Appropriation, and Gangs -- Conclusion -- Chapter 9: Gangs Around the World -- Gangs in Europe (and Beyond) -- Gangs in The United Kingdom -- Gangs in Canada -- Gangs in Latin America and the Caribbean -- Gangs in Africa, Asia, and Oceania -- Conclusion -- Chapter 10: Gangs and Social Institutions -- Gangs and the Family -- Gangs in Schools -- Gangs and the Labor Market -- Gangs and Politics -- Gangs and Religion -- Gangs, Media, and Technology-- Is the Gang a Social Institution? -- Has the Gang Become a Family? -- Do Gangs "Run" Public Schools? -- Do Gangs Replace Conventional Employment? |
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-- Conclusion -- Part III: Responding to Gangs -- Chapter 11: Policing Gangs -- The Police Role in Gang Prevention -- The Police Role in Gang Suppression -- Policing Gangs Beyond Suppression -- Police Gang Units -- Police Gang Databases -- Conclusion -- Chapter 12: Gangs and Gang Members in Prison -- Defining and Measuring Gangs and Gang Membership in Prison -- The Contested Emergence and Proliferation of Gangs in Prison -- Theories of Prison Gang Emergence -- The Characteristics of Prison Gangs -- Transitions in Prison Gang Membership -- Joining Gangs in Prison -- Avoiding Gangs in Prison -- Leaving Gangs in Prison -- Offending and Victimization in Prison -- Responding to Prison Gangs -- Gang Members, Reentry, and Recidivism -- Conclusion -- Chapter 13: Anti-Gang Legislation and Legal Responses -- The Purpose of Anti-Gang Legislation-- Targeted Gang Legislation -- Defining Gang Activity -- Shared Gang Databases -- Gang Sentencing Enhancements -- Gang Participation and Recruitment -- Repurposed Gang Legislation -- Criminal Enterprise Laws -- Public Nuisance Laws -- Auxiliary Gang Legislation: The 1994 Crime Bill -- Gangs and the Courtroom -- Conclusion -- Chapter 14: What Works, What Doesn't, and How do we Know? -- What Works and Best Practices in Gang Intervention -- Gang Response Strategies -- Community Organization -- Social Intervention -- Opportunities Provision -- Suppression -- Organizational Development and Change -- Prevention -- The Legacy of Irving Spergel and the Comprehensive Gang Strategy -- Hybrid Programs -- Assessing the Gang Intervention Findings -- Assessing a "Promising Practice": A Case of Implementation Failure -- Continuing Issues in Responding to Gangs -- Delinquency Programs or Gang Programs? -- Denial -- The Role of Gang Members in Responding to Gang Crime Problems-- Variation and Change in Gang Crime Problems -- Connecting Practice to Theory -- Conclusion. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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"This book introduces readers to the study of gangs, including key concepts and findings, competing theoretical approaches, emerging and persistent issues and questions, and strategies for addressing gangs"-- |
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