Carbon in earth / / editors, Robert M. Hazen, Adrian P. Jones, and John A. Baross

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910793102503321
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Chantilly, Virginia ; ; St. Louis City, Missouri : , : Mineralogical Society of America : , : Geochemical Society, , 2013
• ISBN: 1-5015-0831-8
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (xv, 698 pages) : illustrations
• Collana: Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry ; ; Volume 75
• Disciplina: 577.144
• Soggetti: Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Nota di contenuto: Frontmatter -- Reviews -- PREFACE -- TABLE OF CONTENTS -- 1. Why Deep Carbon? / Hazen, Robert M. / Schiffries, Craig M. -- 2. Carbon Mineralogy and Crystal Chemistry / Hazen, Robert M. / Downs, Robert T. / Jones, Adrian P. / Kah, Linda -- 3. Structure, Bonding, and Mineralogy of Carbon at Extreme Conditions / Oganov, Artem R. / Hemley, Russell J. / Hazen, Robert M. / Jones, Adrian P. -- 4. Carbon Mineral Evolution / Hazen, Robert M. / Downs, Robert T. / Kah, Linda / Sverjensky, Dimitri -- 5. The Chemistry of Carbon in Aqueous Fluids at Crustal and Upper-Mantle Conditions: Experimental and Theoretical Constraints / Manning, Craig E. / Shock, Everett L. / Sverjensky, Dimitri A. -- 6. Primordial Origins of Earth's Carbon / Marty, Bernard / Alexander, ConelM. O'D. / Raymond, Sean N. -- 7. Ingassing, Storage, and Outgassing of Terrestrial Carbon through Geologic Time / Dasgupta, Rajdeep -- 8. Carbon in the Core: Its Influence on the Properties of Core and Mantle / Wood, Bernard J. / Li, Jie / Shahar, Anat -- 9. Carbon in Silicate Melts / Ni, Huaiwei / Keppler, Hans -- 10. Carbonate Melts and Carbonatites / Jones, Adrian P. / Genge, Matthew / Carmody, Laura -- 11. Deep Carbon Emissions from Volcanoes / Burton, Michael R. / Sawyer, Georgina M. / Granieri, Domenico -- 12. Diamonds and the Geology of Mantle Carbon / Shirey, Steven B. / Cartigny, Pierre / Frost, Daniel J. / Keshav, Shantanu / Nestola, Fabrizio / Nimis, Paolo / Pearson, D. Graham / Sobolev, Nikolai V. / Walter, Michael J. -- 13. Nanoprobes for Deep Carbon / Mao, Wendy L. / ; Boulard, Eglantine -- 14. On the Origins of Deep Hydrocarbons / Sephton, Mark A. / Hazen, Robert M. -- 15. Laboratory Simulations of Abiotic Hydrocarbon Formation in Earth's Deep Subsurface / McCollom, Thomas M. -- 16. Hydrocarbon Behavior at Nanoscale Interfaces / Cole, David R. / Ok, Salim / Striolo, Alberto / Phan, Anh -- 17. Nature and Extent of the Deep Biosphere / Colwell, Frederick S. / D'Hondt, Steven -- 18. Serpentinization, Carbon, and Deep Life / Schrenk, Matthew O. / Brazelton, William J. / Lang, Susan Q. -- 19. High-Pressure Biochemistry and Biophysics / Meersman, Filip / Daniel, Isabelle / Bartlett, Douglas H. / Winter, Roland / Hazael, Rachael / McMillan, Paul F. -- 20. The Deep Viriosphere: Assessing the Viral Impact on Microbial Community Dynamics in the Deep Subsurface / Anderson, Rika E. / Brazelton, William J. / Baross, John A. -- INDEX
• Sommario/riassunto: Volume 75 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry addresses a range of questions that were articulated in May 2008 at the First Deep Carbon Cycle Workshop in Washington, DC. At that meeting 110 scientists from a dozen countries set forth the state of knowledge about Earth's carbon. They also debated the key opportunities and top objectives facing the community. Subsequent deep carbon meetings in Bejing, China (2010), Novosibirsk, Russia (2011), and Washington, DC (2012), as well as more than a dozen smaller workshops, expanded and refined the DCO's decadal goals. The 20 chapters that follow elaborate on those opportunities and objectives.

Probabilistic search for tracking targets : theory and modern application / / Eugene Kagan, Irad Ben-Gal

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910813432503321
• Autore: Kagan Eugene
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: Chichester, West Sussex, United Kingdom : , : John Wiley & Sons Inc., , 2013
• ISBN: 1-118-59659-5; 1-118-59704-4; 1-299-44937-9; 1-118-59710-9
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (348 p.)
• Altri autori (Persone): Ben-GalIrad
• Disciplina: 658.5/3; 670.285
• Soggetti: Search theory; Target acquisition - Mathematics; Motion - Mathematical models
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; List of figures; Preface; Notation and terms; Chapter 1 Introduction; 1.1 Motivation and applications; 1.2 General description of the search problem; 1.3 Solution approaches in the literature; 1.4 Methods of local search; 1.5 Objectives and structure of the book; References; Chapter 2 Problem of search for static and moving targets; 2.1 Methods of search and screening; 2.1.1 General definitions and notation; 2.1.2 Target location density for a Markovian search; 2.1.3 The search-planning problem; 2.2 Group-testing search; 2.2.1 General definitions and notation2.2.2 Combinatorial group-testing search for static targets; 2.2.3 Search with unknown number of targets and erroneous observations; 2.2.4 Basic information theory search with known location probabilities; 2.3 Path planning and search over graphs; 2.3.1 General BF* and A* algorithms; 2.3.2 Real-time search and learning real-time A* algorithm; 2.3.3 Moving target search and the fringe-retrieving A* algorithm; 2.4 Summary; References; Chapter 3 Models of search and decision making; 3.1 Model of search ; based on MDP; 3.1.1 General definitions; 3.1.2 Search with probabilistic and informational decision rules3.2 Partially observable MDP model and dynamic programming approach; 3.2.1 MDP with uncertain observations; 3.2.2 Simple Pollock model of search; 3.2.3 Ross model with single-point observations; 3.3 Models of moving target search with constrained paths; 3.3.1 Eagle model with finite and infinite horizons; 3.3.2 Branch-and-bound procedure of constrained search with single searcher; 3.3.3 Constrained path search with multiple searchers; 3.4 Game theory models of search; 3.4.1 Game theory model of search and screening; 3.4.2 Probabilistic pursuit-evasion games3.4.3 Pursuit-evasion games on graphs; 3.5 Summary; References; Chapter 4 Methods of information theory search; 4.1 Entropy and informational distances between partitions; 4.2 Static target search: Informational LRTA* algorithm; 4.2.1 Informational LRTA* algorithm and its properties; 4.2.2 Group-testing search using the ILRTA* algorithm; 4.2.3 Search by the ILRTA* algorithm with multiple searchers; 4.3 Moving target search: Informational moving target search algorithm; 4.3.1 The informational MTS algorithm and its properties; 4.3.2 Simple search using the IMTS algorithm4.3.3 Dependence of the IMTS algorithm's actions on the target's movement; 4.4 Remarks on programming of the ILRTA* and IMTS algorithms; 4.4.1 Data structures; 4.4.2 Operations and algorithms; 4.5 Summary; References; Chapter 5 Applications and perspectives; 5.1 Creating classification trees by using the recursive ILRTA* algorithm; 5.1.1 Recursive ILRTA* algorithm; 5.1.2 Recursive ILRTA* with weighted distances and simulation results; 5.2 Informational search and screening algorithm with single and multiple searchers; 5.2.1 Definitions and assumptions
• Sommario/riassunto: Presents a probabilistic and information-theoretic framework for a search for static or moving targets in discrete time and space. Probabilistic Search for Tracking Targets uses an information-theoretic scheme to present a unified approach for known search methods to allow the development of new algorithms of search. The book addresses search methods under different constraints and assumptions, such as search uncertainty under incomplete information, probabilistic search scheme, observation errors, group testing, search games, distribution of search efforts, single and m