Thorough understanding of electricity, electronics, biophysics, neurophysiology, and neuroanatomy renders more tractable otherwise complex electrophysiologically-based targeting. The textbook integrates these subjects in a single resource. Ultimately, electrophysiological monitoring required controlling the movement of electrons in electronic circuits. Thus, the textbook begins with fundamental discussions of electrons, the forces moving electrons, and the electrical circuits controlling these forces. The forces that allow recording and analysis also permeate the environment producing interfer |