| |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910789789903321 |
|
|
Autore |
Tordo Silvana |
|
|
Titolo |
National oil companies and value creation / / Silvana Tordo with Brandon S. Tracy and Noora Arfaa |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pubbl/distr/stampa |
|
|
Washington, D.C. : , : World Bank, , 2011 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISBN |
|
1-283-29267-X |
9786613292674 |
0-8213-8832-0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Descrizione fisica |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collana |
|
World Bank working paper ; ; no. 218 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Altri autori (Persone) |
|
TracyBrandon S. <1973-> |
ArfaaNoora |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disciplina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soggetti |
|
Petroleum industry and trade |
Business enterprises |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lingua di pubblicazione |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
|
|
|
|
|
Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
|
|
|
|
|
Note generali |
|
Description based upon print version of record. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di bibliografia |
|
Includes bibliographical references and index. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di contenuto |
|
Contents; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations and Acronyms; Executive Summary; 1. The Petroleum Sector Value Chain; Figures; 2. The Establishment of a Noc: Advantages and Issues; Tables; 3. The Performance and Value Creation of NOCs: A Conceptual Model; 4. Case Studies and Lessons Learned; Boxes; 5. Conclusion; Appendixes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sommario/riassunto |
|
National Oil Companies (NOCs) directly or indirectly control the majority of oil and gas reserves. As such, they are of great consequence to their country's economy, to importing countries' energy security, and to the stability of oil and gas markets. The paper analyzes the available evidence on the objectives, governance and performance of 20 NOCs from both net importing and net exporting countries, and draws conclusions about the design of policies and measures that are more likely to lead to social value creation.NOCs differ from private companies on a number of very important variables, in |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910820503303321 |
|
|
Autore |
Xu Lili |
|
|
Titolo |
Das grosse Yankou-Ritual für die hungrigen Geister / / Li-Li Hsu |
|
|
|
|
|
Pubbl/distr/stampa |
|
|
Göttingen, [Germany] : , : Cuvillier Verlag, , 2010 |
|
©2010 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISBN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edizione |
[1. Auflage.] |
|
|
|
|
|
Descrizione fisica |
|
1 online resource (434 pages) : illustrations (some color), tables |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collana |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disciplina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soggetti |
|
Buddhist hymns, Chinese |
Buddhism - Cult - China |
Ethnomusicology - Religious aspects |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lingua di pubblicazione |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
|
|
|
|
|
Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di bibliografia |
|
Includes bibliographical references. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910958707303321 |
|
|
Autore |
Messina Julian |
|
|
Titolo |
Wage Inequality in Latin America : : Understanding the Past to Prepare for the Future / / Julian Messina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pubbl/distr/stampa |
|
|
Washington, D.C. : , : The World Bank, , 2018 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ISBN |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Edizione |
[1st ed.] |
|
|
|
|
|
Descrizione fisica |
|
1 online resource (226 pages) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Collana |
|
Latin American Development Forum |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Disciplina |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Soggetti |
|
Wage differentials |
Latin America Economic conditions |
Latin America |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Lingua di pubblicazione |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
|
|
|
|
|
Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di bibliografia |
|
Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Nota di contenuto |
|
Chapter 1: Introduction; Rationale; Road Map of the Book; Annex 1A. Background Papers for This Book; Notes; References; Chapter 2: Wage Inequality Changes since 1990: Key Trends and Stylized Facts; Introduction; Trends in Overall Inequality; Trends in Wage Inequality; Contribution of Skills and Education to the Changes in Overall Wage Inequality; Contribution of Pay Differentials among Workers with Similar Skills to Overall Wage Inequality |
Labor Supply Trends: Rising Numbers of More-Educated WorkersMacroeconomic Conditions and Labor Demand Shifts; The Labor Market of Skilled and Unskilled Workers and Differences across Tradable and Nontradable Sectors; Informality and Wage Inequality; Cross-Country Heterogeneity in Main Trends, and Correlations between Key Inequality-Related Indicators; Conclusions; Annex 2A. Supplementary Wage and Income Inequality Figures; Annex 2B. Robustness of Returns to Skill to Different Estimation Methodologies |
Annex 2C. Robustness of Employment and Skill-Use Growth in Tradable and Nontradable Industries to a Different DefinitionAnnex 2D. Country-by-Country Changes in Inequality-Related Indicators and Correlations between the Key Variables; Annex 2E. Supplementary Informality Figures and Correlations; Notes; References; Chapter 3: The Role of Labor Supply in Wage Inequality Trends; Introduction; Skill Supply and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Demand in the Determination of Relative Wages; Falling Wages of Recent Cohorts of College-Educated Workers: Degraded Tertiary versus Skill Obsolescence; The Degraded Tertiary Effect |
Conclusions, Notes; References; Chapter 4: The Role of Labor Demand Conditions in Wage Inequality Trends; Introduction; Shifts in Domestic Demand and Rising Wages for Unskilled Workers; Exchange Rate Appreciation from the Commodity Boom and Interfirm Wage Differentials; Why Skill-Biased Technological Change, Job Polarization, and Traditional Trade Channels Do Not Explain the Decline in Wage Inequality; Conclusions; Annex 4A. Skill Intensities and Employment Expansion during the Commodity Boom in Selected Latin American Countries |
Annex 4B. Why Exchange Rate Appreciation Should Reduce Wage Inequality within an IndustryNotes; References; Chapter 5: Exploring the Role of Minimum Wages and Unions in Recent Inequality Trends; Introduction; The Role of the Minimum Wage; The Differentiated Effect of the Minimum Wage on Wage Inequality in Good and Bad Times; The Role of Unionization in Wage Inequality; Conclusions; Annex 5A. Supplementary Minimum Wage Information; Annex 5B. Who Makes the Minimum Wage in Latin America?; Notes; References; Chapter 6: Conclusions and Policy Reflections; Introduction; Review of the Trends |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sommario/riassunto |
|
What caused the decline in wage inequality of the 2000s in Latin America? Looking to the future, will the current economic slowdown be regressive? Wage Inequality in Latin America: Understanding the Past to Prepare for the Future addresses these two questions by reviewing relevant literature and providing new evidence on what we know from the conceptual, empirical, and policy perspectives.The answer to the fi rst question can be broken down into several parts, although the bottom line is that the changes in wage inequality resulted from a combination of three forces: (a) education expansion and its eff ect on falling returns to skill (the supply-side story); (b) shifts in aggregate domestic demand; and (c) exchange rate appreciation from the commodity boom and the associated shift to the nontradable sector that changed interfi rm wage diff erences. Other forces had a non-negligible but secondary role in some countries, while they were not present in others. These include the rapid increase of the minimum wage and a rapid trend toward formalization of employment, which played a supporting role but only during the boom.Understanding the forces behind recent trends also helps to shed light on the second question. The analysis in this volume suggests that theeconomic slowdown is putting the brakes on the reduction of inequality in Latin America and will likely continue to do so-but it might not actuallyreverse the region's movement toward less wage inequality. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| |