Crystalline materials for actinide immobilisation [[electronic resource] /] / Boris E. Burakov, Michael I. Ojovan, William (Bill) E. Lee

• Record Nr.: UNINA9910788565903321
• Autore: Burakov Boris E
• Pubbl/distr/stampa: London, : Imperial College Press; Hackensack, N.J., : Distributed by World Scientific Pub. Co., c2011
• ISBN: 1-283-14335-6; 9786613143358; 1-84816-419-X
• Descrizione fisica: 1 online resource (216 p.)
• Collana: Materials for engineering ; ; v. 1
• Altri autori (Persone): OjovanMichael I; LeeW. E
• Disciplina: 620.1404228
• Soggetti: Actinide elements; Alpha-bearing wastes; Ceramic materials
• Lingua di pubblicazione: Inglese
• Formato: Materiale a stampa
• Livello bibliografico: Monografia
• Note generali: Description based upon print version of record.
• Nota di bibliografia: Includes bibliographical references and index.
• Nota di contenuto: Preface; Abbreviations; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1 Introduction to the Actinides; 1.1. Actinide Series; 1.1.1. History; 1.1.2. Basic physical and chemical properties; 1.1.3. History of using actinide-containing materials; 1.1.4. High toxicity and long-lived radioactivity; 1.1.5. Need for actinide immobilisation; 1.2. Natural Actinides and Minerals; 1.2.1. Uraninite, pitchblende and thorianite; 1.2.2. Coffinite and thorite; 1.2.3. Brannerite; 1.2.4. Miscellaneous; 1.3. Artificial Actinides; 1.3.1. Actinide production in the nuclear fuel cycle; 1.3.2. Weapons-grade plutonium; 1.3.3. Minor actinides1.3.3.1. Neptunium-237; 1.3.3.2. Americium; 1.3.3.3. Curium; 1.3.3.4. Berkelium and Californium; 1.4. Actinide Host-Phases; 1.4.1. Natural accessory minerals; 1.4.2. Zircon and hafnon; 1.4.3. Monazite; 1.4.4. Zirconolite; 1.4.5. Baddeleyite (monoclinic zirconia); 1.4.6. Tazheranite (cubic zirconia); 1.4.7. Xenotime; 1.4.8. Apatite; 1.4.9. Pyrochlore; 1.4.10. Perovskite; 1.4.11. Garnet; 1.4.12. Murataite; 1.4.13. Kosnarite; 1.4.14. Natural gels; References; Chapter 2 Current and Potential Actinide Applications; 2.1. ; Advanced Nuclear Fuel Cycle; 2.1.1. MOX nuclear fuel; 2.1.2. Ceramic nuclear fuel2.1.3. Advanced nuclear reactors; 2.2. Inert Pu Ceramic Fuel; 2.3. Sealed Radioactive Sources; 2.4. Self-glowing Materials; 2.5. Transmutation Targets; 2.6. Summary; References; Chapter 3 Waste Actinide Immobilisation; 3.1. Ceramic Nuclear Wasteforms: Historical Overview; 3.1.1. Early work; 3.1.2. Emergence of Pu wasteforms; 3.1.3. Emergence of durability studies; 3.2. Titanate-based Ceramics; 3.2.1. Synroc; 3.2.2. Ti-pyrochlore; 3.3. Phosphate-based Ceramics; 3.3.1. Monazite; 3.3.2. Th-phosphate/diphosphate (TPD); 3.3.3. Kosnarite and NZP; 3.3.4. Apatite; 3.4. Ceramics Based on Zirconium and Hafnium Minerals3.4.1. Zircon/zirconia and hafnon/hafnia; 3.4.2. Cubic zirconia (tazheranite) and hafnia; 3.5. Garnet/Perovskite; 3.6. Summary; References; Chapter 4 Synthesis Methods; 4.1. Precursor Fabrication; 4.1.1. Sol-gel; 4.1.2. Co-precipitation; 4.1.3. Oxide powder mix; 4.2. Hot Uniaxial Pressing (HUP); 4.3. Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP); 4.4. Pressing-sintering; 4.5. Melting-crystallisation; 4.6. Self-sustaining (Self-propagating) High Temperature Reactions; 4.7. Single Crystal Growth; 4.8. Summary; References; Chapter 5 Examination of Highly Radioactive Samples5.1. XRD Analysis; 5.2. SEM and EPMA; 5.3. Cathodoluminescence; 5.4. Optical Microscopy; 5.5. Mechanical Durability; 5.6. Leach and Alteration Tests; References; Chapter 6 Radiation Damage; 6.1. Ion-irradiation; 6.2. Doping with 238Pu and 244Cm; 6.2.1. Zircon/zirconia and hafnon/hafnia ceramics; 6.2.2. Zircon single crystal; 6.2.3. Cubic zirconia ceramic; 6.2.4. Monazite ceramic; 6.2.5. Monazite single crystal; 6.2.6. Ti-pyrochlore ceramic; 6.2.7. Zr-pyrochlore ceramic; 6.2.8. Zirconolite ceramic; 6.2.9. Garnet ceramic; 6.2.10. Silicate-apatite ceramic and chlorine-apatite powder
• Sommario/riassunto: This book summarises approaches and current practices in actinide immobilisation using chemically-durable crystalline materials e.g. ceramics and monocrystals. Durable actinide-containing materials including crystalline ceramics and single crystals are attractive for various applications such as nuclear fuel to burn excess Pu, chemically inert sources of; irradiation for use in unmanned space vehicles or producing electricity for microelectronic devices, and nuclear waste disposal. Long-lived emitting actinides such as Pu, Np, Am and Cm are currently of serious concern has a result of increase