1.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910788340403321

Autore

Sacerdoti Emilio

Titolo

The Macroeconomic Impact of Scaled-Up Aid : : The Case of Niger / / Emilio Sacerdoti, Gonzalo Salinas, Abdikarim Farah

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Washington, D.C. : , : International Monetary Fund, , 2009

ISBN

1-4623-6486-1

1-4527-2888-7

1-282-84258-7

9786612842580

1-4518-7183-X

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (35 p.)

Collana

IMF Working Papers

Altri autori (Persone)

SalinasGonzalo

FarahAbdikarim

Soggetti

Economic assistance - Niger

Economic development - Niger

Exports and Imports

Foreign Exchange

Investments: General

Labor

Investment

Capital

Intangible Capital

Capacity

Macroeconomics: Production

Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications

Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development

Measurement of Economic Growth

Aggregate Productivity

Cross-Country Output Convergence

Human Capital

Skills

Occupational Choice

Labor Productivity

Foreign Aid

Labour

income economics

Currency

Foreign exchange



International economics

Macroeconomics

Human capital

Real exchange rates

Foreign aid

Aid flows

Private investment

National accounts

International relief

Economic assistance

Saving and investment

Niger

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di bibliografia

Includes bibliographical references.

Nota di contenuto

Contents; The Macroeconomic Impact of Scaled-Up Aid: The Case of Niger; I. Introduction; II. Aid and Growth-Literature Review; III. The Model; A. Supply Side; B. Aid Flows; C. Demand Side; D. Closing of the Model; E. Calibration and Simulation of the Model: the Niger Case; Tables; 1. Assumed Values of Key Parameters for General Equilibrium Simulation; 2. Composition of Assumed Increase in Foreign Aid from 2007 to 2008; Figures; 1. Economic Impact of AID (Scenario I); 3. Incidence of Poverty Under Different Aid Scenarios, 2007-13; F. Comparison to Other Estimates

4. Increase in GDP Growth Rate Caused by Higher Foreign Aid IV. Conclusions; 2. Aid Impact on Growth (% of GDP); References; Appendix; Effect of the Late Impact Aid on Human Capital Accumulation; Appendix Tables; 1. Scenario I-2007-15; 2. Projections Based on Econometric Findings in Clements, Radelet, and Bhavnani, 2004; 3. Alternative Estimates of the Impact of an Aid Increase by Five Percent of GDP in Niger, 2007-15; Appendix Figures; 1. Scenario II; 2. Scenario III; 3. Scenario IV; 4. Scenario V; 5. Scenario VI; 6. Scenario VII; 7. Scenario VIII

Sommario/riassunto

We develop a simple macroeconomic model that assesses the effects of higher foreign aid on output growth and other macroeconomic variables, including the real exchange rate. The model is easily tractable and requires estimation of only a few basic parameters. It takes into account the impact of aid on physical and human capital accumulation, while recognizing that the impact of the latter is more protracted. Application of the model to Niger-one of the poorest countries in the world-suggests that if foreign aid as a share of GDP were to be permanently increased from the equivalent of 10 percent of GDP in 2007 to 15 percent in 2008, annual economic growth would accelerate by more than 1 percentage point, without generating significant risks for macroeconomic stability. As a result, by 2020 Niger's income per capita would be 12.5 percent higher than it would be without increased foreign aid. Moreover, the higher growth would help Niger to cut the incidence of poverty by 25 percent by 2015, although the country will still be unable to reach the Millennium



Development Goal of poverty reduction (MDG 1).

2.

Record Nr.

UNINA9910779515003321

Autore

Zhou Yong

Titolo

Bio-Inspired Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology [[electronic resource]]

Pubbl/distr/stampa

Hauppauge, : Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2010

ISBN

1-61761-455-6

Descrizione fisica

1 online resource (313 p.)

Collana

Nanotechnology Science and Technology

Disciplina

620/.5

Soggetti

Biomimetic materials

Biotechnology

Nanostructured materials

Nanotechnology

Miniaturization

Natural Science Disciplines

Manufactured Materials

Investigative Techniques

Technology, Industry, and Agriculture

Technology

Methods

Biomimetic Materials

Nanostructures

Mechanical Engineering

Engineering & Applied Sciences

Bioengineering

Lingua di pubblicazione

Inglese

Formato

Materiale a stampa

Livello bibliografico

Monografia

Note generali

Description based upon print version of record.

Nota di contenuto

""BIO-INSPIRED NANOMATERIALS  AND NANOTECHNOLOGY ""; ""BIO-INSPIRED NANOMATERIALS  AND NANOTECHNOLOGY ""; ""CONTENTS ""; ""PREFACE""; ""BIOMIMETIC MINERALIZATION ""; ""ABSTRACT""; ""1.1. INTRODUCTION""; ""1.2. BIOMINERALIZATION  ""; ""1.3. BIOMIMETIC



MINERALIZATION""; ""1.4. NON CLASSICAL CRYSTALLIZATION  AND MESOCRYSTALS ""; ""1.5. BIO-INSPIRED FUNCTIONAL  NANOMATERIALS AND ASSEMBLY""; ""1.6. CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK ""; ""ACKNOWLEDGMENTS""; ""REFERENCES ""; ""ARTIFICIAL FOSSILIZATION PROCESS: ""; ""ABSTRACT ""

""2.3. OTHER NANOTUBULAR METAL OXIDE MATERIALS DERIVED FROM CELLULOSIC SUBSTANCES """"2.5. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK ""; ""ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ""; ""REFERENCES""; ""NANO-FABRICATED STRUCTURES ""; ""ABSTRACT ""; ""3.1. INTRODUCTION ""; ""3.2. FABRICATION PROCESSES OF MICRO- AND NANOSTRUCTURES FOR BIOMOLECULE ANALYSIS ""; ""3.2.1. Silicon Fabrication ""; ""3.2.2. Quarts Fabrication ""; ""3.2.3. Plastics Fabrication""; ""3.2.4. Nanomaterials""; ""3.3. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS  OF MICRO- AND NANOSTRUCTURES""; ""3.3.1. Micron-sized Pillars ""; ""3.3.2. Nano-sized Pillars ""; ""3.3.3. Periodical Nanoslits ""

""3.3.4. Nanochannels""""3.3.5. Nanomaterials""; ""3.4. CONCLUDING REMARKS""; ""REFERENCES""; ""BIONIC SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES ""; ""ABSTRACT""; ""4.1. INTRODUCTION ""; ""4.2. SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES  OF PLASMA-ETCHED COLLOIDAL MONOLAYERS [7] ""; ""4.3. SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES  FROM BINARY COLLOIDAL ASSEMBLY [8]""; ""4.4. ORDERED POROUS SEMICONDUCTOR ARRAY FILMS ""; ""4.4.1. Tunable Wettability Caused by the Precursor Concentration [9] ""; ""4.4.2. Controlled Superhydrophobicity Based on Structural Periodicities [10] ""; ""4.4.3. Reversible Wettability [9] ""

""4.5. SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SILVER HIERARCHICAL  RING-LIKE ARRAYS [11] """"4.6. WETTABILITY OF SILICA  MICRO/ NANOSTRUCTURED ARRAYS""; ""4.7. HIERARCHICAL MICRO/NANO COMPOSITE ARRAYS ""; ""4.7.1. 0D Nanostructures on Microsized PS Spheres [17]""; ""4.7.2. 1D Nanostructures on Microsized PS Spheres [18] ""; ""4.8. SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES ON THE CURVED SUBSTRATES [17] ""; ""4.9. CONCLUSIONS AND REMARKS""; ""ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ""; ""REFERENCES ""; ""BIOLOGICALLY TARGETED NANOPARTICLES""; ""ABSTRACT""; ""5.1. INTRODUCTION ""; ""5.2. TARGETING LIGANDS""; ""Monoclonal Antibodies ""

""Antibody Fragments """"Peptides ""; ""Aptamers ""; ""Small Molecules ""; ""5.3. NANOPARTICLE PLATFORMS""; ""Liposomes ""; ""Dendrimers""; ""Polymeric Nanoparticles""; ""5.4. CONJUGATION STRATEGIES ""; ""Maleimide-thiol Coupling Chemistry""; ""Succinimidyl Ester-amine Chemistry""; ""Avidin-biotin Chemistry""; ""5.5. PRECLINICAL RESULTS""; ""Increased Intratumoral Concentration""; ""Increased Intracellular Uptake""; ""Increased Efficacy""; ""5.6. CONCLUSION""; ""ACKNOWLEDGMENT""; ""DISCLOSURE OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST""; ""REFERENCES""; ""NANOMATERIALS: ""; ""ABSTRACT ""

""6.1. INTRODUCTION ""