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1. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910787897203321 |
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Autore |
Mitkov Ruslan |
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Titolo |
Anaphora resolution / / Ruslan Mitkov |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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London ; ; New York : , : Routledge, , 2013 |
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ISBN |
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1-315-84008-1 |
1-317-88180-X |
1-317-88181-8 |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (235 p.) |
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Collana |
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Studies in Language and Linguistics |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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"First published 2002 by Pearson Education Limited"--T.p. verso. |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Dedication; Acknowledgements; Preface; Acronyms and abbreviations; Introduction; Chapter One: Linguistic fundamentals; 1.1 Basic notions and terminology; 1.2 Coreference; 1.3 Discourse entities; 1.4 Varieties of anaphora according to the form of the anaphor; 1.4.1 Pronominal anaphora; 1.4.1.1 Pleonastic it; 1.4.1.2 Other non-anaphoric uses of pronouns; 1.4.2 Lexical noun phrase anaphora; 1.4.3 Noun anaphora; 1.4.4 Verb anaphora, adverb anaphora; 1.4.5 Zero anaphora; 1.4.5.1 Zero pronominal anaphora; 1.4.5.2 Zero noun anaphora |
1.4.5.3 Zero verb anaphora1.4.5.4 Verb phrase zero anaphora (ellipsis); 1.5 Types of anaphora according to the locations of the anaphor and the antecedent; 1.6 Indirect anaphora; 1.7 Identity-of-sense anaphora and identity-of-reference anaphora; 1.8 Types of antecedents; 1.9 Location of the antecedent; 1.10 Anaphora and cataphora; 1.11 Anaphora and deixis; 1.12 Anaphora and ambiguity; 1.13 Anaphora and the resolution moment; 1.14 Summary; Chapter Two: The process of automatic anaphora resolution; 2.1 Anaphora resolution and the knowledge required; 2.1.1 Morphological and lexical knowledge |
2.1.2 Syntactic knowledge2.1.3 Semantic knowledge; 2.1.4 Discourse knowledge; 2.1.5 Real-world (common-sense) knowledge; 2.2 Anaphora resolution in practice; 2.2.1 Identification of anaphors; 2.2.1.1 Identification of anaphoric pronouns; 2.2.1.2 Identification of anaphoric noun phrases; 2.2.1.3 Tools and resources for the |
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identification of anaphors; 2.2.2 Location of the candidates for antecedents; 2.2.2.1 The search scope of candidates for antecedent; 2.2.2.2 Tools and resources needed for the location of potential candidates; 2.2.3 The resolution algorithm: factors in anaphora resolution |
2.2.3.1 Constraints2.2.3.2 Preferences; 2.2.3.3 Example of anaphora resolution based on simple factors; 2.2.3.4 Combination and interaction of constraints and preferences; 2.2.3.5 Tools and resources needed for implementing anaphora resolution factors; 2.3 Summary; Chapter Three: Theories and formalisms used in anaphoraresolution; 3.1 Centering; 3.2 Binding theory; 3.2.1 Interpretation of reflexives; 3.2.2 Interpretation of personal pronouns; 3.2.3 Interpretation of lexical noun phrases; 3.3 Other related work; 3.4 Summary; Chapter Four: The past: work in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s |
4.1 Early work in anaphora resolution4.2 Student; 4.3 Shrdlu; 4.4 Lunar; 4.5 Hobbs's naïve approach; 4.5.1 The algorithm; 4.5.2 Evaluation of Hobbs' s algorithm; 4.6 The BFP algorithm; 4.7 Carter's shallow processing approach; 4.8 Rich and LuperFoy's distributed architecture; 4.9 Carbonell and Brown's multi-strategy approach; 4.10 Other work; 4.11 Summary; Chapter Five: The present: knowledge-poor and corpus-based approaches in the 1990s and beyond; 5.1 Main trends in recent anaphora resolution research; 5.2 Collocation patterns-based approach; 5.3 Lappin and Leass's algorithm; 5.3.1 Overview |
5.3.2 The resolution algorithm |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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Teaching computers to solve language problems is one of the major challengesof natural language processing. There is a large amount of interesting researchdevoted to this field. This book fills an existing gap in the literature with anup-to-date survey of the field, including the author's own contributions.A number of different fields overlap in anaphora resolution - computationallinguistics, natural language processing (NLP), grammar, semantics, pragmatics,discourse analysis and artificial intelligence. This book begins by introducingbasic n |
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2. |
Record Nr. |
UNINA9910954463503321 |
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Titolo |
Breakthroughs in Statistics : Methodology and Distribution / / edited by Samuel Kotz, Norman L. Johnson |
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Pubbl/distr/stampa |
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New York, NY : , : Springer New York : , : Imprint : Springer, , 1992 |
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ISBN |
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Edizione |
[1st ed. 1992.] |
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Descrizione fisica |
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1 online resource (628 p.) |
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Collana |
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Perspectives in Statistics, , 2522-042X |
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Disciplina |
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Soggetti |
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Statistics |
Statistical Theory and Methods |
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Lingua di pubblicazione |
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Formato |
Materiale a stampa |
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Livello bibliografico |
Monografia |
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Note generali |
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Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph |
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Nota di bibliografia |
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Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index. |
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Nota di contenuto |
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On the Criterion that a Given System of Deviations from the Probable in the Case of a Correlated System of Variables is Such that it Can be Reasonably Supposed to Have Arisen from Random Sampling -- The Probable Error of a Mean -- Statistical Methods for Research Workers -- The Arrangement of Field Experiments -- On the Empirical Determination of a Distribution -- On the Two Different Aspects of the Representative Method: The Method of Stratified Sampling and the Method of Purposive Selection -- Relations Between Two Sets of Variates -- Individual Comparisons by Ranking Methods -- On Some Useful “Inefficient” Statistics -- Testing for Serial Correlation in Least Squares Regression. I -- Testing for Serial Correlation in Least Squares Regression. II -- On the Experimental Attainment of Optimum Conditions -- Nonparametric Estimation from Incomplete Observations -- Sequential Design of Experiments -- Some Statistical Aspects of Adaptive Optimization and Control -- The Future of Data Analysis -- Maximum Likelihood in Three-Way Contingency Tables -- Robust Estimation of a Location Parameter -- Regression Models and Life-Tables -- Generalized Linear Models -- Bootstrap Methods: Another Look at the Jackknife. |
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Sommario/riassunto |
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McCrimmon, having gotten Grierson's attention, continued: "A breakthrough, you say? If it's in economics, at least it can't be |
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dangerous. Nothing like gene engineering, laser beams, sex hormones or international relations. That's where we don't want any breakthroughs. " (Galbraith, 1. K. (1990) A Tenured Profes sor, Houghton Mifflin; Boston. ) To judge astronomy] in this way a narrow utilitarian point of view] demon strates not only how poor we are, but also how small, narrow, and indolent our minds are; it shows a disposition always to calculate the payolTbefore the work, a cold heart and a lack of feeling for everything that is great and honors man. One can unfortunately not deny that such a mode of thinking is not uncommon in our age, and I am convinced that this is closely connected with the catastro phes which have befallen many countries in recent times; do not mistake me, I do not talk of the general lack of concern for science, but of the source from which all this has come, of the tendency to everywhere look out for one's advan tage and to relate everything to one's physical well-being, of the indilTerence towards great ideas, ofthe aversion to any elTort which derives from pure enthu siasm: I believe that such attitudes, if they prevail, can be decisive in catas trophes of the kind we have experienced. Gauss, K. F.: Astronomische An trittsvorlesung (cited from Buhler, W. K. (1981) Gauss: A Biographical Study, Springer: New York)]." |
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